Question

How was java taken war by dutch and affected its forests

Answer 1

The invasion of Java in 1811 was a successful British amphibious operation against the Dutch East Indian island of Java that took place between August and September 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. Originally established as a colony of the Dutch Republic, Java remained in Dutch hands throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, during which time the French invaded the Republic and established the Batavian Republic in 1795, and the Kingdom of Holland in 1806. The Kingdom of Holland was annexed to the First French Empire in 1810, and Java became a titular French colony, though it continued to be administered and defended primarily by Dutch personnel.

Answer 2

The Kalangs of Java were skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators.The Dutch tried to make the Kalangs work under them.In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by attacking the fort at Joana.The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java which said that wood could only be cut for specified purposes and only from specific forests under close supervision. Villagers were punished for grazing cattle in young stands, transporting wood without permit, or travelling on forests roads with horse carts or cattle.then the  Blandongdiensten system was followed , which is The exemption of rents imposed on cultivation of land in the forest, in return for free labour and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timberIn Java, the Dutch followed ‘a scorched earth’ policy, destroying sawmills, and burning huge piles of giant teak logs so that they would not fall into Japanese hand.
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