Question

how was the trade carried out in 17th and 18th century class 10 history​

Answer 1

Answer: slave trade

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Answer 2

During the 17th and 18th century, prior to factories in England and Europe, a wide-ranging industrial output for an international market had already begun to dot the landscape. It wasn't based on factories. This phase of industrialization is referred to as proto-industrialisation by many historians.

Explanation:

• In the "17th & 18th centuries", traders from the towns & started to move to the countryside, supplying the peasants and the craftsmen with money, convincing the peasants/farmers to produce for the international market. The demand for goods started  to grow as world trade expanded and colonies acquired in various parts of the world. But in towns merchants could not increase demand. This is because urban crafts & trade guilds were strong there.
• These were producers' associations that educated artisans, held track of production, controlled competition and prices and limited the entrance of new people into the trade. Different guilds have been granted the right to produce and trade in certain products by the rulers. New merchants therefore found it difficult to establish business in cities. So they went to rural areas.
• Poor farmers and craftspeople started to work for merchants in the countryside. At this time the open fields started to disappear. Poor farmers and cottagers  who had previously relied on common lands to survive needed to consider new revenue sources now. Most had small plots of land, which all household members could not work on. So, the peasant households agreed  when the merchants had offered the peasants to produce goods.
• They could remain in the countryside by working for the traders and keep cultivating their small farm lands. Their shrinking income from cultivation was increased by proto-industrial production revenue. This also helped them to use their family work skills in greater deal.
• A close connection between the city and the countryside was formed within this the "proto-industrialisation system". Merchants lived in towns, but much of the work was carried out in rural areas. Therefore, this proto-industrial system was part of the trade network. It was controlled by traders and a large number of producers worked on their family farms, and not in factories,  and had produced the goods.