How waste water can be collected?
Answers
If the wastewater is domestic, the candiate technology may be application of an Onsite Wastewater Differentiable Treamtent System, in which each stream at the household level can be separated into higher load graywater (wastewater from kitchen sink and washing machines), Lowerload greywater (wastewater from bath tub or wash basin), source-separated human feces and human urine using urine diverting toilets. The human fecesa can be treated using composting process, which is aerobic procss and saw dust can be used as matrix. The treated composted can then be brought to the farmland to be used as natrual fertilizr. The Source-sepatarted human urine contains nutreints, which can be applied directly on th farmland. Howver, preliminary treament may eb required to control the ammonia loss and smell. We need huge volume of urine around 10,000 Liters to meet the crop requirements such as wheat, rice an cotton etc. Therfore, we need to transport huge volume of source-separated human urine to the farmland which may increase transportation cost ofr farmers. So we recommend to set up and onsite volume reduction system using natrual wind velocity to reduce 70-80% volume of urine at household level.Then it could be tranported from each househols to farmland, where it has to be mixed with the irrigation water (which could be treated greywater). The higher load greywater contains organic matter, therefore, it can be treated by sand filteration method or Membrance Bioreactor to stabilize organic matter. The treated wastewater can be brought to the farmland via pipe system to be supplied as irrigation water. The lowerload greywater does not contain much of the organic matter, therefore, it could be mixed with treated higher load greywater in the pipes to be brought to the farmland where it can used as irrigation water. This new approach is gaining importance world over, many case studies can be found in Switzerland (EWAG Group), Germany (Hamberg Univeristy), Japan (Hokkaido Univeristy), Sweden, Finland (TAMK Univeristy), China (Xian Univeristy of Arch and Technology) etc.