how were taluqdars of Awadh dispossessed by the britishers?
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The annexation did not juts displace the Nawab, it also dispossessed the taluqdars of the region. The countryside of Awadh was dotted with the estates and forts of the taluqdars who for many generations had controlled land power in the rural world. In the pre-British period, the taluqdars had built forts, kept armed retainers and had enjoyed a degree of autonomy so long as they accepted the suzerainty of the Nawab and paid their revenues regularly. Some of the bigger taluqdars had huge forts and as many 12,000 foot soldiers. The British were unwilling to tolerate the power of the taluqdars and had them disarmed and their forts destroyed.
The first British land-revenue settlement in Awadh known as the Summary Settlement of 1856 further undermined the power and position of the taluqdars. The settlement proceeded on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with no permanent claims on the land and that they had established their hold through force and fraud. The Summary Settlement removed the taluqdars wherever possible. Figures show that under the Nawabs the taluqdars had held 67 per cent of the total number of villages; by the 1856 settlement this number had come down to 38 per cent. The taluqdars of southern Awadh were the hardest hit and in certain cases lost more than half the number of villages they had previously held.
British land-revenue officers believed that by removing the taluqdars they would be able to settle the land with the actual cultivators of the soil and thus reduce the exploitation of the peasants and increase the amount of revenue coming to the state. In practice, this did not happen: revenue inflows to the state increased but the burden on the peasants did not decline. Officials discovered that large areas of Awadh had actually been over-assessed: the in
The first British land-revenue settlement in Awadh known as the Summary Settlement of 1856 further undermined the power and position of the taluqdars. The settlement proceeded on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with no permanent claims on the land and that they had established their hold through force and fraud. The Summary Settlement removed the taluqdars wherever possible. Figures show that under the Nawabs the taluqdars had held 67 per cent of the total number of villages; by the 1856 settlement this number had come down to 38 per cent. The taluqdars of southern Awadh were the hardest hit and in certain cases lost more than half the number of villages they had previously held.
British land-revenue officers believed that by removing the taluqdars they would be able to settle the land with the actual cultivators of the soil and thus reduce the exploitation of the peasants and increase the amount of revenue coming to the state. In practice, this did not happen: revenue inflows to the state increased but the burden on the peasants did not decline. Officials discovered that large areas of Awadh had actually been over-assessed: the in
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The following points will clear...
(i) The British were unwilling to tolerate the power of Taluqdars. Immediately after the annexation, the taluqdars were disarmed and their forts destroyed.
(ii) The British land revenue policy further undermined the position and authority of the taluqdars.
(iii) The Summary Settlements proceeded to remove the taluqdars wherever possible.
(iv) It was based on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with permanent stakes in land.
(v) The ties of loyalty and patronage that had bound the peasants to the taluqdars were disrupted.
(i) The British were unwilling to tolerate the power of Taluqdars. Immediately after the annexation, the taluqdars were disarmed and their forts destroyed.
(ii) The British land revenue policy further undermined the position and authority of the taluqdars.
(iii) The Summary Settlements proceeded to remove the taluqdars wherever possible.
(iv) It was based on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with permanent stakes in land.
(v) The ties of loyalty and patronage that had bound the peasants to the taluqdars were disrupted.
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