How were the new merchants group in europe able to spread their business in the countryside before the industrial revolution?
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Modernisation began with the age of industrialisation in Europe. Factories came up quickly, generating large-scale production of goods and this led to the worldwide trade. New inventions and innovation in technology accelerated this process. European nations expanded their colonies and modernization also reached there. Let us see how it came about in Europe, how it expanded and how it also reached India.
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In the countryside, the open field system was prevailing i.e., land was free and anyone could use it for production, so, the rich landlords started enclosing the open fields.
2. They had earlier depended on common lands for their survival, gathering the firewood, berries, vegetables, hay and straw. Now they had to look for alternative source of income.
3. As most of the land was acquired by the rich landlords, the poor had tiny plots of land which could not provide work for all the members of the household. So when merchants came around, and offered advances to produce goods for them, peasant households eagerly agreed.
4. By working for the merchants, the poor peasants and the artisans could continue to remain in the countryside, and cultivate their small plots. Income from proto-industrial production supplemented their shrinking income from cultivation. It also allowed them a fuller use of their family labour resource.
2. They had earlier depended on common lands for their survival, gathering the firewood, berries, vegetables, hay and straw. Now they had to look for alternative source of income.
3. As most of the land was acquired by the rich landlords, the poor had tiny plots of land which could not provide work for all the members of the household. So when merchants came around, and offered advances to produce goods for them, peasant households eagerly agreed.
4. By working for the merchants, the poor peasants and the artisans could continue to remain in the countryside, and cultivate their small plots. Income from proto-industrial production supplemented their shrinking income from cultivation. It also allowed them a fuller use of their family labour resource.
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