hydrogen atom consists of a single electron but so many lines appear in the spectrum of atomic hydrogen because: a) Sample contains impurity b) Experiment is done on collection of atoms c) Hydrogen atom splits to form more than one different species d) Some different isotope of hydrogen atom maybe present.
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In a sample of hydrogen gas, the number of hydrogen molecules is present. These molecules dissociate and produce hydrogen atoms when heated. Each hydrogen atom contains one electron. The hydrogen atoms absorb different amounts of energy and go to different excited states. From there, they take different paths and come back to ground state. Since different paths are associated with different energies, different spectral lines are formed in the spectrum.
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