Question

hydrogen shows similarities with alkali metals and halogens explain​

Answer 1

hydrogen shows similarities with alkali metals and halogens when hydrogen loses an electron and forms a cation, it resembles alkali metals but when it gains an electron and becomes a uni-negative ion it shows similarity to halogens.

The principal similarity between hydrogenand the halogens is in electron configuration.However, it has non-metallic character, is a gas (while alkali metals are solid) and cannot lose its valence electron.Hydrogen is also similar to halogens, since it forms diatomic molecules (H2, same as halogens- Cl2, etc.), needs one more electron to completely fill its outermost shell, etc.

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Answer 2

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Hydrogen is an element which shows dual nature that as, sometimes it behabes as like the alkali metals and sometimes as like the halogens, this is because of the number of the electrons contained by it.

It has only 1 electron and that's it can't possesed more than 'k' shell. And as per the electronic configuration we know that the last shell of the atom never can contain more than 8 electrons and we calculate the number of electrons present in each shell by the formula 2n². Where hydrogen has only 1 shell so, it can't hold more than 2 electrons.

It is similar to the alkali metals because, the alkali metals have only 1 electron on its valence shell, similarly hydrogen has also only 1 electron on its valence shell and as like the alkali metals it also forms cation by losing 1 electron when react with other elements.

It is similar to the halogens because, they have 7 electrons on their last orbit and there is the deficiency of only 1 electron to complete their octates. Similarly, hydrogen also needs only 1 electron to complete its octate because, hydrogen has only 1 orbit so, it can't hold more than 2 electrons and it has 1 electron already. Moreover, as like the halogens it also tries to acquire the characteristics of its nearent nobel gas that is, helium and it also forms anion by accepting an electron to complete its octate and to acquire the similar characteristics as like the helium while reacting with other elements.

This dual nature of hydrogen still creates confusion regarding the place of hydrogen in periodic table though it is placed in period 1 of group 1.