I am cofuse in a chapter the chapter is air please explain me
Answers
Answer:
Modern Air Definition
Air is the general name for the mixture of gases that makes up the Earth's atmosphere. This gas is primarily nitrogen (78%), mixed with oxygen (21%), water vapor (variable), argon (0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.04%), and trace gases. Pure air has no discernible scent and no color.
Explanation:
the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen. An impression of a quality or manner given by someone or something.
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Our atmosphere is surrounded by a huge blanket of air called atmosphere.
Composition of the Atmosphere
Nitrogen and oxygen are the two gases which make up the bulk of the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, argon and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities.
Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in the air.
Structure of the Atmosphere
Our atmosphere is divided into five layers starting from the earth’s surface.
The first layer is the Troposphere whose average height is 13 km. The troposphere is the layer in which the air we breathe exist. Almost all weather phenomena occur here.
The second layer is the Stratosphere which extends up to 50 km.
The third layer is the Mesosphere which extends up to the height of 80 km.
The fourth layer is the Thermosphere which extends from 80 km to 400 km.
The uppermost layer of the atmosphere is Exosphere which has very thin air.
Weather and Climate
Weather is the Hour-to-hour, day-to-day condition of the atmosphere.
Climate is the weather conditions for a large period and of a large area.
Temperature
The degree of hotness and coldness of the air is called temperature.
The temperature of the atmosphere changes not only between day and night but also from season to season, an important factor that influences the distribution of temperature is insolation.
Insolation is the incoming solar energy intercepted by the earth.
The amount of insolation decreases from the equator towards the poles.
Temperature is measured in Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Air Pressure
Air pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the weight of air on the earth’s surface.
Horizontally the distribution of air pressure is influenced by the temperature of the air at a given place.
In areas having a lower temperature, the air is cold.
The air always moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.
Wind
The movement of air from high-pressure areas to the low-pressure area is called Wind.
Winds can be broadly divided into three types: permanent winds, seasonal winds and local winds.
On 25 October 1999, cyclonic winds originated as depression and affected Odisha killing thousands of people.
Moisture
When water evaporates from land and other water bodies, it becomes water vapour.
Moisture in the air at any time is known as humidity.
When the water vapour rises, it starts cooling. The water vapour condenses causing the formation of droplets of water.
When these droplets of water become too heavy to float in the air, they come down as precipitation.
Precipitation is the falling of moisture in the form of rainfall, snow, fog, sleet and hailstones.
The atmosphere is a thin blanket of air that surrounds the earth. It protects us from the harmful rays of the sun. It consists of the main nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, argon and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities.
Nitrogen is very important for plants. Their survival depends on this gas.
Green plants take in carbon dioxide which is released by humans and animals. Thus, there is a mutual relation between the plants and the humans or animals. Hence, we should protect plants and trees for our own benefit.
The atmosphere is divided into five layers starting from the earth’s surface. These layers are—Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere.
The troposphere is the layer in which the air we breathe exists. Almost all weather phenomena occur here.
The stratosphere contains a layer of ozone gas.
The mesosphere extends up to the height of 80 km. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
Thermosphere helps in radio transmission.
Exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the air is very thin.
Weather is hour-to-hour, day-to-day condition of the atmosphere.