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Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

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question 3 : Atoms or molecules which are exposed to light absorb light energy and re-emit light in different directions with different intensity. This phenomenon is an example of scattering, a general physical process where quanta of some form, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also includes deviation of reflected radiation from the angle predicted by the law of reflection. Reflections of radiation that undergoes scattering are often called diffuse reflections and unscattered reflections are called specular (mirror-like) reflections.

question 4: Absolute refractive index: When light travels from vacuum to another medium, then the refractive index is known as the absolute refractive index.

question 7:

The Critical Angle Derivation

So the critical angle is defined as the angle of incidence that provides an angle of refraction of 90-degrees. Make particular note that the critical angle is an angle of incidence value. For the water-air boundary, the critical angle is 48.6-degrees. For the crown glass-water boundary, the critical angle is 61.0-degrees. The actual value of the critical angle is dependent upon the combination of materials present on each side of the boundary.

ni *• sine(Θi) = nr • sine (Θr)

ni • sine(Θcrit) = nr • sine(90 degrees)

ni • sine(Θcrit) = nr

sine(Θcrit) = nr/ni

Θcrit= sine-1 (nr/ni) = invsine (nr/ni).

question 5: Diamonds get their brilliance from three things: reflection, refraction and dispersion. ... Only a portion of the light hitting a diamond is reflected; the rest travels through it. As the light moves through the diamond, it is scattered and fractured, creating the sparkle that diamonds are known for.

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