Question

I want an essay for 5-6 mine on the topic -Smart Citizens of Smart Cities

Answer 1

Introduction In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us humans if not taken care of and many of the damages are irreversible once they have occurred. 
History and Case Studies of Mining and the Effects on the Environment Mines pose a threat to the environment. They can degrade soil and water quality if left untreated. The United States Environmental protection Agency (USEPA)'s Region 9 assessment of state data states that there are approximately 420,000 abandoned mines in the states of…show more content… 

These left over tailings create human and ecological health problems that can be caused from exposure to the dust that are blown from these mine sites since metal toxicants can persist in tailing particles (arizona.edu, 2008). Another threat to the environment is acid mine drainage (also known as acid rock drainage). Acid mine drainage is "the outflow of acidic water from a mining site." This acid is formed by the oxidation of iron sulfide. The oxidation occurs when iron sulfide is exposed to the air or to dissolved oxygen in the water, which causes the iron to rust and the sulfur reacts with the water to forum sulfuric acid (Coil, D., McKittrick, E., and Higman, B., 2010). Figure 2 illustrates the sulfuric acid that is formed. Acid mine drainage is most common with hardrock mines where metal ore is bound together with sulfur. The increased acidity created from acid mine drainage has a series of negative effects, depending on the severity of change in the pH level. The acid mine drainage creates inhospitable environments to aquatic life in river systems and former mine sites, with the exception of "extremophile" bacteria (Coil, D., McKittrick, E., and Higman, B., 2010). Acid mine drainage can severely degrade the quality of the water, especially if it's a essential water supply.

Answer 2

hey Frnd....
In recent years, the term " Smart City " has attracted a lot of attention from policy-makers, business leaders and citizenship in general. Although there is not a unique definition of what a Smart City is, it is generally accepted that " smart " urban policies refer to local governments' initiatives that use information and communication technologies in order to increase the quality of life of their inhabitants while contributing to a sustainable development. So far, " Smart City " approaches have generally been related to top-down processes of technology diffusion. This article intends to have a broader view on " smart " initiatives to analyze both top-down and bottom up dynamics in a Smart City. We argue that these two perspectives are complementary and its combination can reinforce the collaboration between different city stakeholders. Top-down and bottom up initiatives are not opposed forces but, on the contrary, can have a synergistic effect on the innovation capacity of the city. Both perspectives are illustrated by providing examples of different " smart " aspects in the city of Barcelona: smart districts, open collaborative spaces, infrastructures and open data.

we can also add some more points... like
Smarter Services, Lower Costs
Some Assembly Required
Streetwise Data Science
Social Physics, Idea Flow, and Engagement
Living Laboratories, Made of Steel and Concrete
Underlying Technologies
When Data Is Worth More Than Gold
Building Cities of the Future, Today

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