i want one page introduction about climate
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Answer:
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Explanation:
This is the first of three study sessions on the rapid changes in the world’s climate since the start of the 20th century, which scientists have detected. Climate change is a global problem that is having widespread effects on the weather on every continent and in every nation. It is altering environments and impacting on biodiversity, human health and sustainable economic and social development. We begin this study session by introducing some key terms and concepts in climate science, and describing the main features of current and future projections of how the global climate is changing. You will then learn about the causes of climate change, both naturally occurring and resulting from human activity. Finally we discuss Ethiopia’s climate and some reasons for concern about Ethiopia’s vulnerability to climate change. In Study Sessions 10 and 11 you will focus on Ethiopia in greater detail as we review the frequency and severity of extreme weather events that are due to climate change, and describe the impacts on health, agriculture and the Ethiopian economy.
Answer:
The climate is the average weather experienced over months or years and climate variability is the short-term fluctuations around the expected average weather. ... The major human cause of climate change is the increasing release of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) into the atmosphere.
Introduction
This is the first of three study sessions on the rapid changes in the world’s climate since the start of the 20th century, which scientists have detected. Climate change is a global problem that is having widespread effects on the weather on every continent and in every nation. It is altering environments and impacting on biodiversity, human health and sustainable economic and social development. We begin this study session by introducing some key terms and concepts in climate science, and describing the main features of current and future projections of how the global climate is changing. You will then learn about the causes of climate change, both naturally occurring and resulting from human activity. Finally we discuss Ethiopia’s climate and some reasons for concern about Ethiopia’s vulnerability to climate change. In Study Sessions 10 and 11 you will focus on Ethiopia in greater detail as we review the frequency and severity of extreme weather events that are due to climate change, and describe the impacts on health, agriculture and the Ethiopian economy.
9.1 Weather, climate variability and climate change
Everyone is familiar with what is meant by the weather – the temperature, rainfall, wind strength, sunshine, cloud cover, etc. that we experience from hour to hour and from day to day in our local environment. For example, the weather in Addis Ababa on Wednesday 11 March 2015 was light winds (wind speed 10 km/hour), humidity 28%, pleasantly warm (a maximum temperature of 22 °C) and sunny with some clouds.
By contrast, the climate refers to a general description of longer-term features of the weather in a particular location, such as the average temperature or rainfall for each month of the year, calculated over a period of 30 years or more (Pollution Probe, 2004). You can think of the weather as being a daily expression of the fluctuations of climate around the long-term average pattern.
Climates vary widely around the world – from the hot, rainy climates of tropical regions near the equator, to the cold, icy climates near the poles, both of which experience much the same temperature all year round. There are hot, dry deserts and milder ‘temperate’ regions where there is a large difference in temperature between summer and winter. Some regions can have rain in any month, others have a well-defined wet or dry season, and some receive little rain or snow throughout the year.
Although climate is the average weather over a period of a few decades, the climate in a particular country or region isn’t exactly the same every year – it varies around the average climate for that location. You probably remember a year that was hotter or cooler than this year, but the difference was probably not outside the normal range you would expect in your region of Ethiopia. These fluctuations around the average climate are termed climate variability. They are mainly due to fluctuations in natural conditions in the environment such as changes in the patterns of ocean currents or atmospheric pressure (Pollution Probe, 2004).
The global climate has undergone many long-term cyclical variations during millions of years of Earth’shistory, owing to shifts in natural environmental factors (described in Section 9.3). But from about the beginning of the 20th century, climate scientists began to detect changes in the global climate over time that were happening at a much faster rate than could be explained by normal climate variability. As the evidence for widespread, rapid changes in the world’s climate increased, scientists began using the term climate change to distinguish these trends from normal climate variation.
A frequently mentioned feature of climate change is global warming – a sustained increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature, which is predicted to continue rising during the 21st century. However, climate change has other important features, including changes in ocean currents, sea surface temperature, wind strength and direction, and the distribution and extent of rainfall. Many scientists from all over the world agree that climate change is a reality (IPCC, 2013). In the next section, we describe what climate scientists have observed; then in Section 9.3 we examine what is causing the climate to change.