(i) What is force? (ii) When a force is applied to a body, what are the two essential effects it can produce? (iii) Why bicycles do begin to slow down when we stop pedalling? (iv) Define Inertia. Explain types of inertia. Name the physical quantity that measures it. When a tree is shaken its fruits and leaves fall down why? *
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(i)A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object.
(ii)Effects of Force. A force acting on an object causes the object to change its shape or size, to start moving, to stop moving, to accelerate or decelerate. When there's the interaction between two objects they exert a force on each other, these exerted forces are equal in size but opposite in direction.
(iii)if you ride a bike straight ahead at a constant speed, the force moving the bike forward exactly balances the forces of friction that would slow the bike down. If you stop pedaling, the forces are no longer balanced, and frictional forces slow you down until you eventually stop.
(iv)Inertia is a property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is changed by an external force.Type of inertia-:In inertia, there isn't just one type. ... Inertia of motion - An object will continue at the same speed until a force acts on it. (i.e. Body going forward when a car stops.) Inertia of direction - An object will stay moving in the same direction unless a force acts on it.There are two numerical measures of the inertia of a body: its mass, which governs its resistance to the action of a force, and its moment of inertia about a specified axis, which measures its resistance to the action of a torque about the same axis. See Newton's laws of motion.
When a tree (having flexible stems) is shaken vigorously, its fruits and leaves fall down. This is due to the fact that when the tree is shaken, it moves to-and-fro slightly but its fruits and leaves tend to remain at rest (or stationary) due to their inertia. Thus, they get detached from the tree and fall down.
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