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define an atom
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An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines achemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons. Each electron is negatively charged. The nucleus is positively charged, and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.
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- Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements.
- The term "atom" comes from the Greek word for indivisible, because it was once thought that atoms were the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided.
- The atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons — which are composed of even smaller particles, such as quarks.
- Atoms were created after the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago.
- As the hot, dense new universe cooled, conditions became suitable for quarks and electrons to form.
- Quarks came together to form protons and neutrons, and these particles combined into nuclei.
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