Question

“Ideas of national unity in early 19th century of Europe were closely allied to the ideology of Liberaism”.

Analyse the statement​

Answer 1

Answer:

The ideology of liberalism allied with Nationalism in the following ways:

(i) Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before law.

(ii) It emphasized on the concept of government by consent.

(iii) It stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges.

Answer 2

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The Ideology of Liberalism in the Early Nineteenth Century:

• Liberalism: Derived from the Latin word liber means 'free'. It meant differently to different people.

• Middle Class: For the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom of individual and equality before the law.

• Politically: It emphasised the concept of government by consent. The right to vote was meant to be only for property-owning men The lower classes were, therefore, not included. In general, it stood for the inviolability of private property and freedom of the markets from state-imposed restrictions in the movement of goods

• Since the French Revolution, Liberalism had stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitutional and representative government through parliament.

>> Nineteenth century was considered as the phase of revolution of Liberals in Europe.

The Ideas of National Unity in the early 19th century of Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism in the following ways:

• Events of February 1848 in France had brought about the abdication of the monarch and a republic based on universal male suffrage had been proclaimed.

• Germany, Italy, Poland, the Astro-Hungarian Empire - men and women of the liberal middle classes combined their demands for the constitutionalism with national unification.

• They took advantage of the growing popular unrest to push their demands for the creation of a nation-state on parliamentary principals - a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom of association.

• In the German regions, a large number of political associations whose members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in a city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly.

• The middle-classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. In the end, troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband.    

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