Question

Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. What did it mean for the middle class in France? Explain. (OR) The French used school textbooks in Vietnam to justify colonial rule. Explain.

Answer 1

The word liberalism has been derived from the Latin word liber which means free. For the middle classes in France it stood for the freedom of the individual and equality of all before law.


The 1848 revolution of the liberals meant a revolution that was led by the educated middle classes of Europe.

The events that occurred in February 1848 in France had brought the abdication of the Monarch and a Republic based on Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed.


The idea supported by the liberals are given as follows:

1.Politically the term liberalism emphasized the ideas of government by consent, the end of autocracy and clerical privileges and establishment of an elected parliament.

2. Economically liberalism meant freedom for the markets and abolition of state restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

3.Socially the liberals laid stress on the abolition of discrimination based upon birth.

OR 1.The French people tried to propagate that Vietnamese were backward people The Vietnamese were represented in the text books as primitive and backward 2. They were capable of doing only manual labour but not of intellectual reflection. 3. The School children were told that only French rule could maintain peace in Vietnam. ==================================================================

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