Identify the following subatomic particles :
( a ) The number of these in the nucleus is equal to the atomic number
( b ) The particle that is not found in the nucleus
( C ) The particle that has no electrical charged
( d ) The particle that has a much lower mass than the others subatomic particles
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(a) The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z). The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. The mass number of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
(b) A free neutron—one that is not incorporated into a nucleus—is subject to radioactive decay of a type called beta decay.
(c) Neutron, neutral subatomic particle that is a constituent of every atomic nucleus except ordinary hydrogen. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg—marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1,839 times greater than that of the electron.
(d) Subatomic particle, also called elementary particle, any of various self-contained units of matter or energy that are the fundamental constituents of all matter. Subatomic particles include electrons, the negatively charged, almost massless particles that nevertheless account for most of the size of the atom, and they include the heavier building blocks of the small but very dense nucleus of the atom, the positively charged protons and the electrically neutral neutrons.