Question

identify the major topographical units of Ethiopia and its subunits? (not less than 10 pages)

Answer 1

Ethiopia is situated in the southern Red Sea region in eastern Africa.

Explanation:

1. Rift Valley

• The topography of Ethiopia comprises a central high plateau, bisecting into northern & southern highlands by the Ethiopian segment of the Great Rift Valley, and enclosed by lowlands, which are more extensively toward the East & south-east than on the west & south. The plateau differs from 1,500 to 3,000 meters above the sea level and is divided into mountainous uplands that are separated by valleys & deep gorges, particularly in the north.
• At 4620 m high in the northern highlands, Ras Dashen is the highest point. In the east there is one of the hottest place on the Earth -  the Denakil Depression, which is part of the Rift Valley, and is 115 m below sea level.
• In the southern valley of Rift lie a chain of lakes, however in the northwest Lake Tana is the largest inland body of water. Regional changes in climates, natural vegetation, composition of the soil & settlement patterns determines Ethiopia 's territory diversity.
• The Rift Valley is a deep depression tectonically shaped. Two large and more or less parallel escarpments border it. Ethiopian highlands and lowlands are split into two by the formation of the Rift valley. This occupies nearly 1700 square kilometers from the Afar triangle to Chew Bahir. It encompasses 18% of the Ethiopian region..

2. The Western Highlands and Lowlands

• The entire area west of the Rift Valley occupies this physiographical structure. It occupies nearly the entire western half of Ethiopia from north to south. It accounts for about 44% of the country's area.
• The westerly plateau of Rift Valley is confined to the east, the land slowly descends in altitude till it merges into the western lowlands and foothills, near the Sudan and South Sudan boundaries.
• To the west the Rift Valley is bordered by the west. Furthermore, this region is split into four highland groups (76.3 percent) and four lowland groups (23.7 percent).

(a) The Western Highlands includes

1. The Tigray Plateau (extends from the "Tekeze gorge" in the south to central "Eritrean highlands").
2. North Central Massifs ( largest in the western highlands, covers around 58% ; southern & northern limits follows Tekeze  & the Abay gorges)
3. The Southwestern Highlands (comprises the highlands of Wellega, Illuababor, Kaffa, Jimma, Gofa & Gamo. This region is separated from the nearby highlands by the Omo & Abay  river valleys. covers 22.7% of the area of the region; extends from the Abay gorge (north) to the Kenya border & Chew Bahir (south))
4. The Shewa Plateau (Central Highlands)  (bounded by the Rift Valley in the southeast  & east, by the Abay gorge in its western & northern  limit, & the Omo gorge in the west & south; smallest of the Western highlands, covers around 11% ).

(b) The Western Lowlands

1. These are the western foothills and boundaries of Tigray in the north to the South of Gamo-Gofa. They make up 11% of the physiographic area. The maximum height ranges from 500 to 1000 m above sea level. In addition This physiographic sub-region -is subdivided into 4 by the protruding ridges. Those are the lowlands of Tekeze, Abay-dinder, Baro, and Ghibe.

3. The South-Eastern Highlands and Lowlands

• It is the second largest area in terms of physiography. This takes up 37% of Ethiopia 's territory. 46% of the physiographical distribution comprise the highlands and the rest is the lowlands. The eastern plateau of the Rift Valley in the west and north borders on the west and north. The terrain slowly descends southeast to the lowlands of the south-east and eventually to the plateau of Somalia.These are further subdivided into two units of highlands and two units of extensive lowlands.

(a) The South Eastern Highlands comprise

1. The Arsi-Bale-Sidama Highlands (are found to the east of the Lakes Region; in the south western section of the physiographic region; Arsi Highlands composed of dissected mountains & falt rolling uplands; Bale highlands comprise a platform looking "basaltic plateau" in the north-central part & high "mountain massif" to the south; Sidama highlands occupy the south-western corner, and prominent feature is the Jemjem plateau)
2. The Hararghe Plateau (a northeasterly extension of the southeastern highlands,  extends from the Chercher highlands (southwest) to Jigjiga (east))

(b) The South-Eastern Lowlands

1. Lowlands to the South-East are the most extensive lowlands in Ethiopia in the southeast part of the world.They constitute 54 percent and about one-fifth of the country in the physiographic region.
2. They make up 54 per cent of the area of the physiographic region and around 1/5th of the nation. The Wabishebelle plain (60%) and the Ghenale plain (40%) divide this area.
3. The Ogaden, Elkere and Borena plains are among the plains.hey are sparsely inhabited by semi-pastoral & pastoral  communities. Animal farming, forestry, livestock and even the production of oil and natural gas are part of the economic potentials.

Answer 2

Answer:

The topography of Ethiopia comprises a central high plateau, bisecting into northern & southern highlands by the Ethiopian segment of the Great Rift Valley, and enclosed by lowlands, which are more extensively toward the East & south-east than on the west & south.

Ethiopian Plateau, highlands covering much of Ethiopia and central Eritrea. They consist of the rugged Western Highlands and the more limited Eastern Highlands. The two sections are separated by the vast Eastern Rift Valley, which cuts across Ethiopia from southwest to northeast. The Western Highlands extend from central Eritrea and northern Ethiopia to the basin of Lake Rudolf in the south and include the traditional lands of the Amhara and Tigray peoples. Within this section the Simen Mountains are marked by Mount Ras Dejen (15,157 feet [4,620 m]), the highest peak in Ethiopia. Among the peaks of the Eastern Highlands stands Mount Batu at 14,127 feet (4,307 m). The highlands are the most agriculturally productive and densely populated areas of both Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Explanation:

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