Question

Identify the seven environmental factors by John M. Gaus (1947) and explain how these factors influence public administration in general? Provide practical examples to support your points.

Answer 1

Explanation:

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Answer 2

According to John M. Gaus it is presumed that the nature of public administration is determined by environmental change

Explanation:

The 7 environmental factors, according to Gaus that which influence public administration.

1. People: The organizations' human resource that focuses on age, number, & knowledge & their "impacts on their jobs"
2. Place: The soil, climate, & location (of the organisation)
3. Physical technology: The physical equipment that the people use to run the organisation.
4. Social Technology:  The kind of "formal organisational structures" that provide "communication" & lay down other relationship forms  between one level & the other.
5. Wishes & Ideas: Desires, objectives,& Aspirations.
6. Catastrophe: Security, insurance, and so on
7. Personality: In what way leadership affect organisations’ efficacy.

• Professor John M. Gaus, one of the early founders of public administration, incorporated ecology in public administration. In his presented ideas, he stressed that its environment or ecology affected the public administration, including its development, and its activities.
• According to Gaus, the public administration plans, projects, strategies and design are based on factors relevant to the physical environment or to ecology and any structure & living thing existing in a specific area has an "inter-relationship" with the "surrounding environment"..
• For example, in reality, this definition means that in the building of any structure, every individual should plan every part of the building, including the necessary structural materials, the particular location in which it is constructed with regard to the people who reside in that location and the current physical environment.
• The concept also involves an overview of the effect of the system on people's social interactions in that area and of the particular technologies being utilized and of how they shape and affect the people of that environment. The ecological approach to public administrations also involves environmental elements – location, individuals, social and physical technology and their relationships.
• In public administration Gaus viewed the "ecological concept" as a way of developing a new and updated "institutional pattern"  for individuals. The ecological dimension of administration represents these ideas as a key element in identifying and leading the strong change in "public administration"
• A more alert and mindful approach to environmental issues helps public administrators to respond effectively to their organization's challenges. Following this method correctly, it can provide a public administration with a diagnostic tool which can offer guidelines for measuring an organisation's impact.
• Ecology can allow practitioners to envision key elements in the administrative process & offer an organisation with a "specific standard" for measuring impacts. For Gaus, the integration of public administration with the  ecology concept aims to create a new way of handling matters which is literally associated with the concept of transition. He wanted to identify alternative sources of opportunity & information for public administrators and ways for them to highlight the impact on the situation..
• Public administration ecology is an essential tool to consider, monitor and modulate effective public administration changes. This program allows public administrator to take steps and bring improvements in public sector organizations' strategic planning & management in the larger ecological approach.
• The conservation of ecosystems specifically demonstrates this action. Gaus' ideas are also used to regularly tackle the vulnerability of ecosystems that are endangered by construction of buildings & other public administrations projects. The extinction in some species caused by changes of their natural environment and habitats is one aspect of this problem. Another dimension of this situation is both the man-made and conceptualized  industries & technologies that have contributed to the challenge of climate change.
• The severity of the potential danger to global warming has made scientists and politicians recognise that adequate measures to sustain the ecosystems must be guaranteed by substituting the "governmental jurisdiction" as the key "institutional level" for "implementation".
• This has resulted in a radical transition in politics and of the policies for the protection of natural resources. The dominant feature of resource management has been the "property or jurisdictional domain", primarily West-originated concepts. Yet now management of resources are  organised in areas such as human resources, wildlife or commodities, as well . Therefore, in the sense of building public administration project or just systems in general, the management of resources is a more detailed view

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Analysis ecology of public administration in its various dimensions ...

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