Identify two causes of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Answers
Answer:
Religious & Social Causes – racism or racial discrimination was believed to be a major reason for the revolt of 1857 wherein Indians were exploited and were kept away from mixing with Europeans. The whites also started interfering in the religious and cultural affairs of Indians and tortured them as well.
Political Causes – The British expansion had led to the propagation of unjust policies that led to the loss of power of the Nawabs and Zamindars residing at various places of India. The introduction of unfair policies like the policy of Trade and Commerce, the policy of indirect subordination (subsidiary alliance), the policy of war and annexation, the policy of direct subordination (doctrine of lapse), the policy of misgovernance (through which Awadh was annexed) greatly hampered the interests of the rulers of the native states, and they one by one became victims of British expansionism. Therefore, those rulers, who lost their states to the British, were naturally against the British and took sides against them during the revolt.
Economic Factors -There were various reforms in the taxation and revenue system that affected the peasants’ heavily. British Government had imposed and introduced various administrative policies to expand their territory
Explanation:
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.[4][5] The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (that area is now Old Delhi). It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India,[a][6][b][7] though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east.[c][8] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region,[d][9] and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858.[10] On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities to have formally ended until 8 July 1859. Its name is contested, and it is variously described as the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence.[e][11]
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Indian Rebellion of 1857.jpg
A 1912 map showing the centres of the rebellion
Date 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location
India
Result
British victory
Suppression of revolt
Formal end of the Mughal Empire
End of Company rule in India
Transfer of rule to the British Crown
Territorial
changes British Raj created out of former East India Company territory (some land returned to native rulers, other land confiscated by the British crown)
Belligerents
Sepoy Mutineers
Mughal Empire
Oudh
Forces of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
Forces of Nana Sahib Peshwa II
Banda
Forces of Rao Tula Ram
Jagdishpur
Gwalior factions
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Thakurs, Chaudharys, Taluqdars, Sardars, and chieftains
United Kingdom
East India Company
Patiala
Kapurthala
Rampur
Jodhpur
Nabha
Nepal
Commanders and leaders
Bahadur Shah II
Bakht Khan †
Begum Hazrat Mahal
Nawab Bijris Qadr
Rani Lakshmibai †
Tatya Tope Executed
Nana Sahib
Ali Bahadur II of Banda
Raja Rao Tula Ram
Kunwar Singh
Nahar Singh
Umrao Singh Bhati
Dhan Singh Gurjar
Mangal Pandey Executed
Vishwanath Shahdeo Executed
Pandey Ganpat Rai Executed
Tikait Umrao Singh Executed
Sheikh Bhikhari Executed
Victoria
Earl of Dalhousie
Earl Canning
Maj. Gen. George Anson †
Lt. Gen. Sir Patrick Grant
Gen. Sir Colin Campbell
Maj. Gen. Sir Hugh Rose
Maj. Gen. Sir Henry Havelock †
Maj. Gen. Sir James Outram
Brig. Sir Henry Lawrence †
Brig. Sir James Neill †
Brig. John Nicholson †
Jung Bahadur Rana[1]
Gen. Dhir Shamsher Rana[2]
Raja Sir Randhir Singh
Maharaja Sir Narinder Singh
Nawab Sir Yusef Ali Khan
Maharja Sir Takht Singh