if there is an epidemic in a village in Maharashtra whose assistance could the state government take to prevent it spread ?
Answers
Explanation:
An excerpt from the newspaper ‘The Hindu Universe’ dated 25 September 1994, described the situation. “The people fleeing the affected zones are heading in all directions and taking the hysteria with them. With the discovery of three people afflicted with plague in a Bombay hospital, panic has gripped that city as well. Tetracycline, an antibiotic for plague treatment, has disappeared from chemist shops not only Bombay but also in Delhi”. Because of rumors that Surat would be quarantined and when that action was delayed one-fourth of Surat residents (400,000 to 600,000 people) fled the city within four days of announcement of the epidemic. Among them were people still in the incubation phase of the plague infection. Broad-spectrum antibiotics required to curb the disease had been exhausted due to panic buying of medicines. Physicians and pharmacists escaping the city took with them large amounts of antibiotics for their friends and relatives. At other cities in various parts of India, checkpoints were established at railway stations and airports to monitor incoming Surat inhabitants who were then received by medical teams and quarantined. Hospitals in a number of neighboring cities of Surat were alerted for possible arrivals of plague-infected people. Government had to forcefully stem the exodus with the help of paramilitary forces and prevent the disease from spreading to the neighboring states. Because the disease was diagnosed and suppressed quickly, the outbreak did not have the devastating impact originally feared, but it generated considerable anxiety worldwide resulting in a heavy economic toll in the country. In Northern India, Deepavali, the festival of lights is a time for both celebration and business. The plague outbreak occurred just before the festival incurring a total business loss of over US$ 260 million in Surat alone (Ref 2,3,5).
The incidence in Surat had large impacts on other major cities of India like Delhi and Mumbai. In the capital of New Delhi, the lack of public information on how to deal with the spread of the disease resulted in the large scale purchase of surgical masks and tetracycline. As a precaution, the administration ordered the closure of all schools and public entertainment places. The news of the epidemic and these actions taken by the government alarmed many people. Some chose to stay indoors and others who ventured out did so with masks covering their faces. Schools in Delhi reopening only five days after they were closed illustrated the uncertainty of government officials as of how to proceed with the precautionary measures. In eastern states such as Orissa, thousands of kilometers away from Surat initiated steps to check the plague outbreak. Reports from Rajasthan, which borders Gujarat, stated that the villagers launched an intensive drive to kill rats in their regions. Proper instructions as on how to proceed with the preventive measures were not given to the people. Since the disease was already spreading, killing of the flea host (rats) would force them to switch hosts and result in more human cases. The havoc caused by the epidemic was evident (Ref 4,5).
On September 23, Surat authorities ordered closure of all schools, colleges, cinema halls and public gardens for an uncertain period. Industrial units, banks, offices and diamond cutting units were asked to shut down until further notice. By this time, plague had been spreading rapidly through Surat's slums for nearly two weeks. People walked in the streets with their faces covered by handkerchiefs, which was not a very effective method because the large weave permitted the entry of bacteria. Several layers of fine muslin would have been a better method.
Several other decisions and actions influenced societal responses to this event. Health officials in Surat city declared a plague epidemic before it was known if the plague was pneumonic. Daily statistics about suspected plague cases provided by the official agencies added to a mountain of misinformation. The Union Health Minister did not issue any statements to clarify the situation or to calm the country’s or international community's anxieties. Press statements issued by local politicians also did not help the situation. For example, at the time when the plague was considered to be at its peak, the Chief Minister of Gujarat claimed that the plague in Surat was pneumonic and not bubonic, perhaps not realizing that pneumonic plague is far more infectious and less curable than bubonic plague. To emphasize his point he quoted that "rat fall" in Surat was not very high. The local and international media also played an important role in this case. Local newspapers reported highly exaggerated death tolls adding to the confusion. Many official press statements s. The actual death cases in Surat were 56.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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