II Define the following: 1. Neutral substances 2. Indicators 3. Neutralisation III Give reason for the following statements 1) The moist baking soda is rubbed on the skin when an ant bites. 2) Factory wastes are neutralised by adding basic substances. 3) Curry stains in white clothes turn red when washed with soap.
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Answers
II
1. The substances that are neither acidic nor basic in nature and have a pH value of 7 are termed as Neutral substances. Eg, Common Salt (NaCl), Water(H2O)
2. The substances that are capable of changing their colours in presence of acidic or basic medium provided according to their nature are called as indicators. They are called as so, because they help in identifying the nature of other substances. E.g Phenolphthalein (HpH), Methyl Orange (MeOH)
3. The process of formation of neutral salt during the chemical reaction of an acid and a base is termed as a Neutralisation reaction.
E.g 2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl
III
1) The ant bites have Formic acid, while Moist Baking soda is Basic in nature. So, applying Baking soda provides releif by neutralising the medium.
2) Factory wastes and chemicals are acidic in nature. So, these chemicals are easily neutralised using Basic subtances and thus preventing from harming the environment.
3) Curry contains natural indicators as spices like Turmeric. The soap is Alkaline in nature Therefore, when the curry stains on clothes are rubbed with soap in presence of water, the stain turns red. Since, Turmeric being an indicator turns reddish brown in basic medium.