III Answer in a paragraph: (2x5=10)
1. Explain the revolutionary work of Mazzini in Italy
2. How did the Journalist Wilhelm Wolff describe the revolt between Silesian weavers and contractors?
Answers
Answer:
1.The role of Giuseppe Mazzini as an Italian revolutionary: (i) He founded two secret societies—Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne. ... (iii) Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.
2.n 1845, the weavers raised a revolt against the contractors as the contractors drastically reduced their payments. The viewpoint of the journalist Wilhelm Wolff for this uprising was - a large crowd of weavers reached the house of the contractor and demanded higher wages.
1. Giuseppe Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa in 1807. He was a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. At the age of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
Mazzini believed that God has intended the nations to be the natural units of mankind, So he did not want Italy to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
He founded underground societies named ‘Young Italy’ in Marseilles and ‘Young Europe’ in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German States. Young Italy was a secret society formed to promote Italian unification: "One, free, independent, Republican Nation."
Mazzini, an Italian nationalist was a fervent advocate of republicanism and envisioned a united, free and independent Italy.
Often viewed in Italy of the time as a god-like figure, the antifascist Mazzini Society, founded in the United States in 1939 by Italian political refugees, took his name; they, like him, served Italy from exile.
2. In 1845, weavers of Silesia had led a revolt against contractors who supplied them raw materials. They gave them order for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
1. The workers were living in extreme poverty and misery.
2. The desperate need for has been taken advantage of by the contractors to reduce the prices of the goods they order.
3. On 4 June at 2 P.M. a large crowd of weavers emerged from their homes and marched in pairs up to the mansion of their contractor demanding higher wages.
4. They were treated with scorn and threats alternately.
5. A group of weavers entered in to a house of a contractor. They smashed the window panes, furniture and porcelain. They entered the storehouse and tore to shreds the supplies of cloth.
6. The contractor fled away with his family to a neighboring village and came back after 24 hours with army.