Importance of biofortification in crop improvement
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Plants are the prime source of essential minerals nutrients. These mineral elements which play vital role for human beings for their existence and the continuity race of life. Some plants are rich for some mineral and have deficiency to the other. No plant alone that contains all mineral elements in efficiently for human beings from the earth. Deficiency of mineral is also called as 'hidden hunger', results in poor growth and compromised psychomotor development of children, reduced immunity, exhausted, fatigue, irritability, weakness, hair loss, wasting of muscles, sterility, morbidity and demise (Stein, 2010 ). Conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques are the two approaches that may be used to bio-fortify the crops with minerals like iron and zinc (Tiwari et al., 2010). "Biofortification" or "biological fortification" called as nutritionally bioavailability to the human population that are developed and grown using modern biotechnology tools, traditional plant breeding methods, and agronomic practices. enhanced food crops with increased.
Biofortification is an upcoming, effective, bright, cost-effective, and sustainable technique of providing micronutrients to a population that has limited access to diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. Success stories of biofortification include lysine and tryptophan rich QPM (quality protein maize), Vitamin A rich orange sweet potato; generated by crop breeding, oleic acid, and stearidonic acid soybean enrichment; through genetic transformation and selenium, iodine, and zinc supplementation.