In a female perspective, how has the country developed in achieving female rights and giving women more power?
Answers
Discrimination against women and girls is a pervasive and long-running phenomenon that characterises Indian society at every level.
India’s progress towards gender equality, measured by its position on rankings such as the Gender Development Index has been disappointing, despite fairly rapid rates of economic growth.
In the past decade, while Indian GDP has grown by around 6%, there has been a large decline in female labour force participation from 34% to 27%. The male-female wage gap has been stagnant at 50% (a recent survey finds a 27% gender pay gap in white-collar jobs).
Crimes against women show an upward trend, in particular brutal crimes such as rapes, dowry deaths, and honour killings. These trends are disturbing as a natural prediction would be that with growth comes education and prosperity, and a possible decline in adherence to traditional institutions and socially prescribed gender roles that hold women back.
The evolution of American women in the workforce is often overlooked when studying the progression of American society. Since the beginning of time, American women have gone through a series of struggles, battles, and tests to prove their capability of being an active part of the American labor force. Before the Civil War, the role of women in society was different. Women were expected to stay home to take care of their children and perform household chores, while the men were the bread earners. However, post civil war this ideology began to shift as women started to enter the workforce. This significantly promoted a sense of freedom for these women. This blog explores the history of women in the workforce and the series of events that led to present day workingwomen. The central idea to take away from these blogs is that women have actively taken initiative to fight for equal working rights and have finally gained a sense of working freedom throughout the course of time. A major shift in the workforce occurred immediately after the Civil War. African American women became a significant part of the labor force during this time. They needed to earn a steady income after they were freed from slavery. Other immigrants also joined the workforce and performed a lot of service related jobs. Soon enough middle class white women also started to enter the workforce in order to adequately provide for the entire family. The labor force pertaining to women mirrored the racial issues going on in society at the time. Employers hired white women usually for higher positions than people of color. This demonstrated the structure of American society in late 19th century. After the civil war many whites continued to have animosity towards the blacks, and treated them unequally. This unequal treatment was even carried into the workforce. Soon, labor unions started to open up membership to women because more women joined the workforce and were treated unequally. In fact, during the 1880s the labor union The Knights of Labor supported women to gain equal pay for equal work. The struggle for equality was a prominent problem for these women in the workforce. On top of that, working conditions worsened during the late 19th and early 20th century. These women were faced with long working hours with a poor pay. Women also had a lower minimum wage rate than the men and had to balance their family life on in additional to all of that. Many prominent figures, such as Lucy Hale and Mother Jones attempted to motivate workingwomen to keep going and fight for work equality. It was in 1939 during World War II when things started shifting for these workingwomen. Since significant portion of the men in America left to fight the war, women took on the jobs of the men in the labor force. This was one of the first opportunities for women to branch out into jobs that they have never performed before and prove their capability. During this time period women were not only working in service jobs, but also professional jobs that were once male dominated. The government used various propaganda and icons such as Rosie the Riveter to encourage more women to enter the workforce. This was essential because there was such shortage in labor supply at the time. During this time, women felt a new sense of independence and freedom because they were doing the same work as the men did. However, this feeling did not last very long. Once World War II was over most men wanted their jobs back, and a lot of women either had to leave the workforce, or return to their previous secretarial, teaching, and other feminine jobs. This was a disappointment to a lot of women because as they were getting the freedom that they always wanted, it was being taken away from them. During the mid 20th century, women were confused on their standpoint in society. They were unsure whether it was appropriate for them to join the labor force, or if they should stay home to take care of the children. Many non-profit organizations, unions, and activist stood up for the rights of women. This period of confusion of the role of women lasted a couple of years, but alleviated during the late 20th century. Soon, women felt confortable entering the labor force once again. Women also begin to gain equality in the workforce. The equal pay act was enacted. In addition, some women started to work in jobs that were once male dominated. Women started filling up positions in the government sector, other professional jobs, and many other high skilled jobs.
I give credit to Dhara Shah.
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