In bacteria formation of peptide bond during translation is affected by
Answers
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
The Protein Synthesis Machinery
Protein synthesis, or translation of mRNA into protein, occurs with the help of ribosomes, tRNAs, and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Explain the role played by ribosomes, tRNA, and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in protein synthesis
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Ribosomes, macromolecular structures composed of rRNA and polypeptide chains, are formed of two subunits (in bacteria and archaea, 30S and 50S; in eukaryotes, 40S and 60S), that bring together mRNA and tRNAs to catalyze protein synthesis.
Fully assembled ribosomes have three tRNA binding sites: an A site for incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs, a P site for peptidyl-tRNAs, and an E site where empty tRNAs exit.
tRNAs (transfer ribonucleic acids), which serve to deliver the appropriate amino acid to the growing peptide chain, consist of a modified RNA chain with the appropriate amino acid covalently attached.
tRNAs have a loop of unbasepaired nucleotides at one end of the molecule that contains three nucleotides that act as the anticodon that basepairs to the mRNA codon.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are enzymes that load the individual amino acids onto the tRNAs.
Key Terms
ribosome: protein/mRNA complexes found in all cells that are involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA