Question

In carbonate ion, all the three CO bonds have identical bond length. Explain.

Answer 1

in the carbonate ion the four valence electrons are all used to bond the three oxygen atoms (no electron left for lone pairs). ... A carbonate ion is a resonance hybrid of 3 canonical structures. Hence due to this resonance effect all its bond lengths are equal.

Answer 2

That means there is one C-O bond in the molecule that is shorter than the other two. ... In fact, carbonate ion is a symmetric, trigonal planar molecule. All three carbon-oxygen bond distances are about 1.28 Angstroms long. You cannot draw a Lewis structure that would suggest all three bonds are the same length.

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