In many European countries,a revolution led by the educated middle classes was under way in the year 1848.explain with suitable example.
Answers
Explanation:
Revolution
In European countries, in the year 1848, a revolution led by the educated middle classes was under way. ... (2) Events of February 1848 in France had brought about the abdication of the monarch and a republic based on universal male suffrage had been proclaimed.
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Answer:
The revolutions of 1848 in different parts of the Europe are also sometimes referred as the Liberal Revolutions of 1848. This is because during this time, the ideology of nationalism were closely allied with the ideas of liberalism. The ideas that were supported by the liberals like freedom for all, equality before the law, government by the consent of people, universal suffrage, right to vote for all, end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament, equal political rights, inviolability of private property, freedom of markets and abolition of state imposed restrictions on trade, were the basis of these movements and revolutions.
The following are the incidents and their importances which took place during the Liberal Revolutions of 1848 :
a.) Uprisings in Europe :
In 19th century Europe, the ideas of national unity were closely related to the ideology of liberalism. There were food shortages and widespread unemployment during 1848 led to popular uprisings in different parts of Europe such as Poland, Italy, Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Men and women of the liberal middle classes came together to voice their demands for the creation of
nation-state based on parliamentary principles.
b.) Transfer of sovereignty in
France :
The happenings of 1848 movements in France brought the renunciation of monarchy and a republic, which was mainly based on the universal male franchise. The year 1848 was the year of food shortages which led to pauperism in France and widespread unemployment. It brought the population of Paris on the roads. Barricades were erected and Louis Phillippe was forced to flee. A National Assembly proclaimed a Republic, granted suffrage to all adult males above the age of 21 and guaranteed the right to work. National workshops to provide employment were also set-up.
c.) Frankfurt Parliament :
In German regions, a large number of political associations of the middle class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for the all German National Assembly. On 18th May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched to take their place in the Frankfurt Parliament. They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy, subject to a Parliament.
d.) Issue of women :
In the liberal movement, a large number of women had participated actively. Women had formed their own political associations, and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations. Despite that, they were denied the right to vote. Also when the Frankfurt Parliament was convened, they were only allowed to be there as guests in the visitors gallery.
e.) Ideologies :
Social, political and economic ideas that were supported by the liberals were mainly based on democratic ideas. Their demand was mainly, constitution with national
unification - a nation state with a written constitution and parliamentary administration. They wanted to abolish class based partialities and birth rights from the society. Their national goal was to abolish serfdom and pursue equality. Another significant concept of the Liberalism were ' the right to property ' , which was important to build a nation based on political, social and economic freedom.