in solar nebular theory , a gas and dust cloud would remain a cloud without violent disturbance. what might have caused the dust and gas cloud to collapse to form from the sun and planets?
Answers
Answer:
see the explanation given below I hope it helps you
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Explanation:
All the orbits of the planets are prograde (i.e. if seen from above the North pole of the Sun they all revolve in a counter-clockwise direction).
2. All the planets (except Pluto) have orbital planes that are inclined by less than 6 degrees with respect to each other (i.e. all in the same plane).
3. Terrestrial planets are dense, rocky and small, while jovian planets are gaseous and large.
I. Contraction of insterstellar cloud
Solar system formed about 4.6 billion year ago, when gravity pulled together low-density cloud of interstellar gas and dust (called a nebula)(movie).
The Orion Nebula, an interstellar cloud in which star systems and possibly planets are forming.
Initially the cloud was about several light years across. A small overdensity in the cloud caused the contraction to begin and the overdensity to grow, thus producing a faster contraction --> run away or collapse process
Initially, most of the motions of the cloud particles were random, yet the nebula had a net rotation. As collapse proceeded, the rotation speed of the cloud was gradually increasing due to conservation of angular momentum.
Going, going, gone
Gravitational collapse was much more efficient along the spin axis, so the rotating ball collapsed into thin disk with a diameter of 200 AU (0.003 light years) (twice Pluto's orbit), aka solar nebula (movie), with most of the mass concentrated near the center.
As the cloud contracted, its gravitational potential energy was converted into kinetic energy of the individual gas particles. Collisions between particles converted this energy into heat (random motions). The solar nebula became hottest near the center where much of the mass was collected to form the protosun(the cloud of gas that became Sun).
At some point the central temperature rose to 10 million K. The collisions among the atoms were so violent that nuclear reactions began, at which point the Sun was born as a star, containing 99.8% of the total mass.
What prevented further collapse? As the temperature and density increased toward the center, so did the pressure causing a net force pointing outward. The Sun reached a a balance between the gravitational force and the internal pressure, aka as hydrostatic equilibrium, after 50 million years.
Around the Sun a thin disk gives birth to the planets, moons, asteroids and comets. Over recent years we have gathered evidence in support of this theory