Question

In vitro pollination and fertilization in plants

Answer 1

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Sexual hybridization is a powerful tool for producing superior plants by combining characters distributed in different members of a species or different species of a genus. The technique involves controlled, artificial pollination of the female parent with pollen from the selected male parent. The chapter discusses the seed development following the stigmatic pollination of cultured whole pistils is known as “in vitro pollination.” The preliminary steps for in vitro pollination and intra-ovarian pollination include: (1) determination of the time of anthesis, dehiscence of anthers, pollination, entry

of pollen tube in the ovules, and fertilization, (2) emasculation and bagging of flower buds, and (3) collection of pollen grains. A principal requirement for in vitro pollination is the maintenance of reasonable sterility during pollen and ovule collection. Several potential applications of in vitro pollination in genetic manipulation of plants include inbreeding, hybridization, haploid production, and production of stress tolerant plants.

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Answer 2

Answer:

(1) Fertilization is fusion all male and female gametes.

(2) Pollination is iransfer of pollen grains which carry non-motile male gametes.

(3) Pollen grains are transferred from anther to stegma of flower where they germinate.

(4) Both male and emale gametes are non motile and they are produced at two different sites.

(5) Therefore the pollination process is necessary for act of fertilization in plants.