Question

inductive effect and its applications

Answer 1

In chemistry and physics, the inductive effect is an experimentally observed effect of the transmission of unequal sharing of the bonding electron through a chain of atoms in a molecule, giving rise to a permanent dipole in a bond. It is present in a  σ bond as opposed to electromeric effect which is present on a π bond. All halides are electron withdrawing groups, and all alkyles are electron donating.

Applications:

In deciding acidic strength of aliphatic carboxylic acids.

Relative strength of bases.

It's effect on dipole moment and bond length.

Stability of alkyl carbocation, carbon free radicals and carboanions.