information on Corona effect on poor people employment
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The coronavirus is such a dreaded disease which not only created physical mayhem in the world but economy of many countries is being suffered and may lead to poverty and recession.
In this context concept of poverty may be discussed here for the benefit of readers. Poverty refers to inability to get the minimum consumption requirements for health, life and efficiency. This minimum comprises of food, clothing, housing, education etc. The term poverty was used first time in the world by Lord Boyd Orr, the first Director General of World Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). According to him, an individual should get minimum 2,300 calories per day. Those getting less than this minimum will be treated as below starvation line. It is pertinent to mention that later on all the countries introduced in their country calorie concept for determining poverty line. According to Collin Clark, “one kilograms of milled wheat yields 3150 calories. Hence, an individual must consume minimum 190 kilograms of food grains and pulses per year, otherwise he/she will be counted among the poor” (www.yourarticlelibrary.com/paragraphs/paragraph-on-poverty/47479).
The World Bank defines poverty as “the inability to attain a minimal standard of living”. Some criteria were defined by the World Bank: a) hunger, b) lack of shelter c) being sick and not being able to see a doctor, d) not having access to school and not knowing how to read e) not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time f) losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water g) powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom. Also according to the World Bank there are two main types of poverty – Primary and Secondary.
Primary Poverty is a condition where income is insufficient to maintain mere physical existence even if money is spent wisely. For example, a family earns $1 per day but requires at least $4 to get food, water, medicine etc. Now even if they spend $1 on food still they may not be able to afford medicines or education requirement of their children.
Secondary Poverty is a condition where is sufficient to maintain the physical existence but it is not spent wisely. For example, a family earns $20 per day but requires at least $4 to get food, water, medicine etc. Suppose they spend $18 on family vacation to any place and left with only $2 to meet basic necessities of life which is not enough to get them food, water etc. if they had spent the money wisely; they could have been able to meet all their basic necessities.
As per World Bank there are other types of poverty; few are, Extreme Poverty, Situational Poverty, Generational or Chronic Poverty. The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than $1.90 per person per day. According to the World Bank, around 10% of world population lives in extreme poverty. It was 37% in 1990 and 44% in 1981.
Situational Poverty: It is temporary in nature and occurs due to some adverse situation like earthquakes, floods or some severe health problem. For example, a family earns decent income of $400 per month and is able to meet basic necessities of life. One day earthquake hits the city and destroys their house; earning member of family loses his job.
Generational or Chronic Poverty: This type of poverty is inherited by household. Two to three generation born into poverty and they do not have tools to come out of this situation.
The awful impact of coronavirus and subsequently ‘Lockdown in India’ has created poverty. The suffering and stuck up of migrant labourers can be termed as Primary Poverty, also earnings of daily labourers, male and female servants working daily basis in the households etc. are also the examples of Primary Poverty. Lastly, I fell all middle income and high income earners may be in the category of Situational Poverty as they have money but because of lockdown they cannot go to big restaurants, bars, etc. Even they cannot bring foods from outside through Zomato, Swiggy, Uber Eats etc., as an unfortunate case occurred in New Delhi (Middle week of April, 2020) for which many rich persons are also scared to take food by ordering from outside.
Before winding up it may be mentioned that a deadly disease, viz., coronavirus not only killing the persons and generated panic but created ‘Poverty’ across the world.
Hope it helps :)
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At present, 60 percent of Indians population live below the property line..