interview on environment.
please ask opine questions.
Answers
Answer:
Q.1. What is environment ?
Ans. If we do not want to go into the intricacies of the term, then we can define environment as everything that surrounds us. Whatever we see around us is confined to the living component of the human eco-system. With time, the concept has undergone modifications. Today, environment means a single system of the interacting living and non-living natural components of the earth.
But the earth is not the only planet of the solar family, which again belongs to our home Galaxy — the Milky Way. There are about 100 billion such galaxies floating in the vast universe, each containing about 100 billion stars!! In this universe, not a single event can be said to be isolated, and no object is independent of the rest.
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Since everything is interrelated with every other thing, logic demands-that the entire universe is our environment. But, for practical reasons, environmental study deals only with the system of interaction between non-living and living components of the globe.
In 1977, the first international conference on Environmental Education was held in Tiflis (capital city of Georgia Republic). The programme was organised by UNESCO and UNEP, and here it was noted that “the environment includes a complex of natural, built and social components in the life of humanity”.
Q.2. Describe the principal characteristics of environment.
Ans. The principal characteristics of the environment have been listed below:
(i) At any given point of time, the environment of any area is the sum total of all biotic elements and the abiotic elements around them.
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(ii) The three basic components that constitute the structure of the environment are biome, habitat and energy,
(iii) The elements of the environment are systematically organised and interact with one another to maintain the integrity of the system.
Thus, the environment is a perfectly functioning system:
(iv) The input of solar energy is responsible for the functioning of the system.
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(v) The environment is an open system since there is a continuous inflow and outflow of matter and energy.
(vi) The productivity of the environment is determined by the availability and amount of energy.
Q.3. Give a brief account of the components of environment.
Ans. The three basic components of environment are:
(I) Abiotic (physical or inorganic) components,
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(II) Biotic (organic) components, and the
(III) Energy components.
Again, the abiotic components of the environment consist of:
(a) The lithosphere — the chief reservoir of mineral nutrients,
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(b) The atmosphere — the chief reservoir of gases essential for organic life, and
(c) The hydrosphere — the chief reservoir of liquid water.
The biotic component of environment includes all kinds of organic life, ranging from microorganisms to plants and animals, including man.
Energy is the third component of environment, which is indispensable for the generation and sustenance of all forms of organic life. The sun is the main source of energy in the environment. Geo-thermal energy is yet another type of energy. Since photosynthesis is essential for the existence of organic life, we find that life is confined to only those regions where solar energy can be captured for photosynthesis.
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This forms a narrow belt of life that extends from about 180-210 m below sea level to almost 6 km (snow-line in mountain ranges). This is known as the Biosphere, which can be said to be a thin film (1/1000th) when we consider the earth’s radius (6,370 kms).
Q.4. Explain with examples the natural changes of environment.
Ans. Almost everybody is fascinated by the notion of change. Right from the day they are born, till the moment they breathe their last, human beings experience a variety of change. They are all familiar with the sunshine and sunset and passage of day into night, as well as the change of the seasons.
We all notice that the weather in one year is never quite similar to the weather in previous years. Let us take for example the Monsoon Rains in West Bengal. A few years ago, the rains arrived in Bengal by early June and October was sunny and pleasant. Now, the rains arrive much later, and the festivities of October are marred by the showers.
Environmental change is studied by scientists from environmental, geographical and geological disciplines. The work of those scientists have delved into the intricacies of the past environments and finally confirms that environmental change is real, various and complex.
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