Introduction of nature and scope of sociology
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Sociology may thus be interested in all these problems but not primarily. It is primarily interested in man’s behaviour in relation to other men, I.e., it focuses its attention on relationships which are definitely ‘social’ and that is what makes it a distinctive field, however, closely allied to others it may be. The study of social relationship themselves is the main interest of Sociology.
Definition of Sociology:
To understand more fully what Sociology is about it shall be in the fitness of things to study some of the definitions given by some important sociologists, and then to conclude about the subject matter of this science, as agreed upon by most of them.
Some of the definitions of Sociology are as follows:
1. ‘Sociology is the science of society or of social phenomena -L.F. Ward
2. The subject-matter of sociology is the inter-action of human minds’. -L.T. Hobhouse
3 ‘Sociology is the study of human inter-action and interrelation their conditions and consequences’. -M. Ginsberg
4. Sociology is the science that deals with social groups; their internal forms or modes of organisation, the processes that tend to maintain or change these forms of organisation and relations between groups’. -H.M. Johnson
5. ‘Sociology is a special social science concentrating on inter-human behaviour, on processes of sociation, on association and dissociation as such.’ -Von Wiese
6. ‘Sociology is the study of the relationships between man and his human environment.’ -H.P. Fairchild
7. ‘Sociology may be defined as a body of scientific knowledge about human relationships.’ -J. F. Cuber
8. ‘Sociology is a body of learning about society. It is a description of ways to make society better. It is social ethics, a social philosophy. Generally, however, it is defined as a science of society.’ -W. F. Ogbum
9. ‘Sociology asks what happens to men and by what rules they behave, not in so far as they unfold their understandable individual existences in their totalities, but in so far as they form groups and are determined by their group existence because of inter-action.’ -Simmel
10. ‘Sociology is the science of collective behaviour’. -R. E. Park and F. W. Burgess
11. ‘General sociology is on the whole the theory of human living together.’ -Ferdinand Tonnies
12. ‘Sociology is a body of related generalizations about human social behaviour arrived at by scientific method.’ -Lundberg, G. A.
13. ‘Sociology in its broadest sense may be said to be the study of interactions arising from the association of living beings.’
14. ‘Sociology deals with the behaviour of men in groups.’ – Kimball Young
15. The chief interest of sociology is the people, the ideas, the customs, the other distinctively human phenomena which surround man and influence him, and which are, therefore, part of his environment.
Sociology also devotes some attention to certain aspects of the geographical environment and to some natural as contrasted with human phenomena, but this interest is secondary to its preoccupation with human beings and the products of human life in association. Our general field of study is man as he is related to other men and to the creation of other men which surround him.’ -М. E. Jones.
16. ‘Sociology seeks to discover the principles of cohesion and of order within the social structure, the ways in which it roots and grows within an environment, the moving equilibrium of changing structure and changing environment, the main trends of the incessant change, the forces which determine its direction at any Lime, the harmonies and conflicts, the adjustments and maladjustments within the structure as they are revealed in the light of human desires, and thus the practical application of means to ends in the creative activities of social man.’ – MacIver.
17. ‘Sociology is the science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action.’ -Max Weber.
18. ‘Sociology may be defined as the study of the ways in which social experiences function in developing, maturing and repressing human beings through inter-personal stimulation.’ – E. S. Bogardus.
19. ‘Sociology is the scientific study of the structure of social life.’ -Young and Mack.
20. Sociology is the name applied to somewhat inchoate mass of materials which embodies our knowledge of society.’ -Arthur Fairbanks.
Definition of Sociology:
To understand more fully what Sociology is about it shall be in the fitness of things to study some of the definitions given by some important sociologists, and then to conclude about the subject matter of this science, as agreed upon by most of them.
Some of the definitions of Sociology are as follows:
1. ‘Sociology is the science of society or of social phenomena -L.F. Ward
2. The subject-matter of sociology is the inter-action of human minds’. -L.T. Hobhouse
3 ‘Sociology is the study of human inter-action and interrelation their conditions and consequences’. -M. Ginsberg
4. Sociology is the science that deals with social groups; their internal forms or modes of organisation, the processes that tend to maintain or change these forms of organisation and relations between groups’. -H.M. Johnson
5. ‘Sociology is a special social science concentrating on inter-human behaviour, on processes of sociation, on association and dissociation as such.’ -Von Wiese
6. ‘Sociology is the study of the relationships between man and his human environment.’ -H.P. Fairchild
7. ‘Sociology may be defined as a body of scientific knowledge about human relationships.’ -J. F. Cuber
8. ‘Sociology is a body of learning about society. It is a description of ways to make society better. It is social ethics, a social philosophy. Generally, however, it is defined as a science of society.’ -W. F. Ogbum
9. ‘Sociology asks what happens to men and by what rules they behave, not in so far as they unfold their understandable individual existences in their totalities, but in so far as they form groups and are determined by their group existence because of inter-action.’ -Simmel
10. ‘Sociology is the science of collective behaviour’. -R. E. Park and F. W. Burgess
11. ‘General sociology is on the whole the theory of human living together.’ -Ferdinand Tonnies
12. ‘Sociology is a body of related generalizations about human social behaviour arrived at by scientific method.’ -Lundberg, G. A.
13. ‘Sociology in its broadest sense may be said to be the study of interactions arising from the association of living beings.’
14. ‘Sociology deals with the behaviour of men in groups.’ – Kimball Young
15. The chief interest of sociology is the people, the ideas, the customs, the other distinctively human phenomena which surround man and influence him, and which are, therefore, part of his environment.
Sociology also devotes some attention to certain aspects of the geographical environment and to some natural as contrasted with human phenomena, but this interest is secondary to its preoccupation with human beings and the products of human life in association. Our general field of study is man as he is related to other men and to the creation of other men which surround him.’ -М. E. Jones.
16. ‘Sociology seeks to discover the principles of cohesion and of order within the social structure, the ways in which it roots and grows within an environment, the moving equilibrium of changing structure and changing environment, the main trends of the incessant change, the forces which determine its direction at any Lime, the harmonies and conflicts, the adjustments and maladjustments within the structure as they are revealed in the light of human desires, and thus the practical application of means to ends in the creative activities of social man.’ – MacIver.
17. ‘Sociology is the science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action.’ -Max Weber.
18. ‘Sociology may be defined as the study of the ways in which social experiences function in developing, maturing and repressing human beings through inter-personal stimulation.’ – E. S. Bogardus.
19. ‘Sociology is the scientific study of the structure of social life.’ -Young and Mack.
20. Sociology is the name applied to somewhat inchoate mass of materials which embodies our knowledge of society.’ -Arthur Fairbanks.
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