Introduction on popular struggles of Nepal and Bolivia
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POPULAR STRUGGLES IN NEPAL AND BOLIVIA
First Movement for democracy in Nepal
® 1990 Nepal became a constitutional monarchy after democratic movement.
® King Birendra, became constitutional monarch.
® King Birendra, killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family in 2001.
® On 1 June 2001, Crown Prince Dipendra murdered his father, King Birendra his mother
Queen Aishwarya and several other members of the royal family. Later he shot himself.
Gyanendra the brother of Birendra became King.
® In February 2005, the Gyanendra dismissed the then Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament.
The Second movement for democracy in Nepal (April 2006)
® All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA).
® Nepalese Communist Party(Maoists) who wanted to overthrow the government through an armed revolution joined SPA.
® More than a lakh people who gathered almost every day on the streets of Kathmandu to demand restoration of democracy.
® The number of protesters reached between three to five lakhs on 21 April.
Three demands
(1) restoration of parliament,
(2) power to an all-party government
(3) a new constituent assembly.
Result
® On 24 April 2006, king was forced to accept demand.
® Girija Prasad Koirala selected as the new Prime Minister of the interim government.
Bolivia’s Water War
® Poor country in South America (Latin America)
® The World Bank pressurised the government to give up its control of municipal water supply.
® The government sold these rights for the city of Cochabamba to a multi-national company (MNC).
® People received monthly water bill of Rs 1000 in a country where average income is around Rs 5000 a month.
® Movement launched by people against the privatization of water.
® In January 2000, a new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders organised a successful four-day general strike in the city.
® Next strike in February, police resorted to brutal repression
® Another strike followed in April and the government imposed martial law.
® The power of the people forced the officials of the MNC to flee the city
The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates. This came to be known as Bolivia’s water war.
Democracy and popular struggles
® The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy.
® The struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected democratic government regarding a policy.
® However in both cases the struggle involved mass mobilisation.
Conclusion:
(1) Democracy evolves through popular struggles.
(2) Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilisation.
(3) Spontaneous public participation becomes effective with the help of organised politics. There can be many agencies of organised politics. These include political parties, pressure groups and movement groups.
(4) In Nepal the SPA was not the only organisation behind this mass upsurge. The protest was joined by the Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist). Many other organisations like the organization of the indigenous people, teachers, lawyers and human rights groups extended support to the movement.
(5) The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was not led by any political party. It was led by an organisation called FEDECOR. This organisation comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists. The movement was supported by the Socialist Party. In 2006, this party came to power in Bolivia.
(6) Thus in a democracy several different kinds of organisations work behind any big struggle.
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First Movement for democracy in Nepal
® 1990 Nepal became a constitutional monarchy after democratic movement.
® King Birendra, became constitutional monarch.
® King Birendra, killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family in 2001.
® On 1 June 2001, Crown Prince Dipendra murdered his father, King Birendra his mother
Queen Aishwarya and several other members of the royal family. Later he shot himself.
Gyanendra the brother of Birendra became King.
® In February 2005, the Gyanendra dismissed the then Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament.
The Second movement for democracy in Nepal (April 2006)
® All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA).
® Nepalese Communist Party(Maoists) who wanted to overthrow the government through an armed revolution joined SPA.
® More than a lakh people who gathered almost every day on the streets of Kathmandu to demand restoration of democracy.
® The number of protesters reached between three to five lakhs on 21 April.
Three demands
(1) restoration of parliament,
(2) power to an all-party government
(3) a new constituent assembly.
Result
® On 24 April 2006, king was forced to accept demand.
® Girija Prasad Koirala selected as the new Prime Minister of the interim government.
Bolivia’s Water War
® Poor country in South America (Latin America)
® The World Bank pressurised the government to give up its control of municipal water supply.
® The government sold these rights for the city of Cochabamba to a multi-national company (MNC).
® People received monthly water bill of Rs 1000 in a country where average income is around Rs 5000 a month.
® Movement launched by people against the privatization of water.
® In January 2000, a new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders organised a successful four-day general strike in the city.
® Next strike in February, police resorted to brutal repression
® Another strike followed in April and the government imposed martial law.
® The power of the people forced the officials of the MNC to flee the city
The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates. This came to be known as Bolivia’s water war.
Democracy and popular struggles
® The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy.
® The struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected democratic government regarding a policy.
® However in both cases the struggle involved mass mobilisation.
Conclusion:
(1) Democracy evolves through popular struggles.
(2) Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilisation.
(3) Spontaneous public participation becomes effective with the help of organised politics. There can be many agencies of organised politics. These include political parties, pressure groups and movement groups.
(4) In Nepal the SPA was not the only organisation behind this mass upsurge. The protest was joined by the Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist). Many other organisations like the organization of the indigenous people, teachers, lawyers and human rights groups extended support to the movement.
(5) The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was not led by any political party. It was led by an organisation called FEDECOR. This organisation comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists. The movement was supported by the Socialist Party. In 2006, this party came to power in Bolivia.
(6) Thus in a democracy several different kinds of organisations work behind any big struggle.
If you find this answer helpful please mark it as brainliest
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