Question

ions formation of hydrogen express it by solving​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:17.16.1 Hydrogen Ion Concentration

Hydrogen ion concentration (the pH) is one of the important factors that affect growth and multiplication of algae and hence the oil and biodiesel production. Most algal growth occurs in the region of neutral pH, although optimum pH is the pH of initial culture in which an alga is adapted to grow [145]. Bartley et al. [146] found that pH of around 8 seems most beneficial for maximum growth rate and lipid accumulation of Nannochloropsis salina and to minimize invading organisms. However, adding buffers will not be cost-effective or realistic at a large scale. They also demonstrated that higher pH values per se do not slow Nannochloropsis production. Thus, the addition of CO2 at large scales is mostly valuable for providing an inorganic carbon source for algae.

Moheimani [147] found pH 7 and 7.5 to be ideal for lipid accumulation in Tetraselmis suecica and Chlorella sp. While, Bartley et al. [146] found no significant effect of pH change on lipid accumulation, the treatment with a pH change to 8 exhibited the greatest overall accumulation (averaging 24.75% by mass) of N. salina. Rodolfi et al. [148] found the lipid content (% biomass) for different Nannochloropsis spp. to be 24.4–35.7%. The earlier results indicate that pH may not be an important stress factor that triggers increased lipid accumulation in microalgae. Acidic pH of culture media can alter nutrient uptake or induce metal toxicity and therefore have an effect on algal growth and oil production [149]. The green microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila and the diatom Pinnularia braunii accumulate storage lipids, such as triacylglycerides, under extremely acidic environment (pH 1) [150]. However, basic pH decreases membrane-associated polar lipids due to cell cycle inhibition. In basic pH conditions, membrane lipids in Chlorella were observed to be less unsaturated [151].