Question

IP is a connection-less protocol, whereas TCP is connection-oriented. How can these two protocols coexist in the same protocol stack

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

IP is connection-less and TCP is connection oriented. In any case, TCP is a transport layer protocol and TCP would deal with congestion control and order of delivery, reliable delivery, same connection oriented means here. It would simply ensure that packets are being transmitted between two processes. It couldn't care less which way the packet pursues as transport layer does not manage routes and paths. Basically, internet protocol does this job.

IP is connection less and it implies that it might forward packets on various paths or routes on basis of accessibility and blockage. It is worried about information delivery between end frameworks. It treats every packet differently and does not mind whether the packet arrive at the destination or not.  

For dependable delivery here TCP will take care, if the packet isn't recognized to TCP, it will re-transmit the packet.  

Give me a chance to give you a model in nontechnical terms.  

You put in a order on the web, and you live in a place where there is no legitimate transport or streets.  

But, the parcel/courier service organization conveys your bundle.  

Here, the bundle/dispatch service resembles a TCP, and the street/transport framework to your place is an IP.  

The upper layer of OSI (TCP) relies upon the services given by the lower layers (IP).  

The lower layer of OSI (IP) relies upon the upper layers (TCP) for ensured conveyance of information.  

Here and there, both TCP and IP cooperate in conquering the clogged networks, similar to the ECN flags in IP header.

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

They may coexist in the form of dual stack which runs IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously. Other form may be tunneling when you tunnel a one into other. This usually means to encapsulate a particular platform into another for protection. Other form can be NAT-PT which simply works on the fact that one protocol can be transferred in terms of another protocol. With dual IP stacks your application is able to run both protocols but preferring the high end one more.