iron nail sinks but boat ships floats why ?
Answers
Iron nail sinks but boat ships floats:
The density of the water is much less than the density of the nail and also the weight of the water displaced by the nail is much less than its weight that is why the nail sinks easily when dipped into the water. The ship floats in the water due to the design of the ship, the total weight of the ship includes the hollow portion of the ship most likely filled with air. This weight must be less than or equal to the weight of the water displaced by the ship. If the buoyant force acting on the object is larger or equal to the weight of the object, the object will float in the fluid, according to Archimedes Principle the buoyant force acting on the object is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the object.
An iron ship (or any metal ship as is the modern standard) floats because it is shaped such that it will contain air within its hull and therefore the average density of the ship as a whole including cavities and all the air space is less than the water and therefore it floats.
The density of nail (as of iron) is much larger than the water. So it sinks easily. The weight of the water displaced by the ship is equal to its weight, so it floats. Whereas the weight of the water displaced by the iron nail is less than its weight so the iron nail sinks.
The density of the nail (≈ 7.8 gcm-2) is more than the density of water (≈1 gcm-2), therefore the weight of the nail is more than the upthrust experienced by it causing it to sink.
However, A boat floats because the boat is hollow from inside and this space is filled with air which reduces the average density of the boat lower than that of water.
Thus even with a small portion of the boat submerged underwater, the weight of the water displaced by it becomes equal to the weight of the entire boat attaining a floating equilibrium.
According to the Principle of Floatation
If the weight of the object is greater than the upthrust, then the object will sink in the fluid.
If the weight of the object is equal to the upthrust, then the object is balanced making the object float.
(Upthrust is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object)
Hence, A Boat floats in water whereas An Iron Nail sinks in water
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