Question

is biodiversity of the downstream reservoir decrease due to watershed management

Answer 1

This module is intended for people involved in the conservation, use and sustainable
management of forests, land and water at the watershed scale. It outlines the key principles
and main planning steps involved in designing measures to preserve or restore the ecosystem
functions of watersheds. The module also provides links to tools and case studies to guide
users in the planning and implementation of watershed management initiatives.
A watershed is the geographical area drained by a watercourse. The concept applies at various scales – from, for example, a farm drained
by a creek (a “micro-watershed”) to a large river basin (or a lake basin). A river basin usually comprises a complex system of watersheds
and micro-watersheds crossed by and draining into a major river and its tributaries, from the beginning of the river (its “source”) to its mouth
(and a lake basin may be defined as a geographic land area draining into a lake). Because soils and vegetation are intimately linked to the
water cycle, watersheds are the most useful planning unit for integrated water and land resource management.
Watersheds perform the following important functions and services, among others:
the provision of freshwater (particularly upland watersheds);
the regulation of water flow;
the maintenance of water quality;
the provision and protection of natural resources for local livelihoods;
protection against natural hazards (e.g. local floods and landslides);
the provision of energy (e.g. hydropower);
biodiversity conservation; and
recreation.
Forests and trees play crucial roles in hydrological processes in watersheds. Forested mountain and upland watersheds supply an
estimated 70 percent of the world’s accessible freshwater resources for domestic, agricultural, industrial and ecological needs. The modules
on Forests and Water and Mountain Forests provide more discussion on the interactions between forest vegetation and hydrological
processes on sloping land.
Watershed services and functions may be threatened by deforestation, uncontrolled timber harvesting, changes in farming systems,
overgrazing, roads and road construction, pollution, and the invasion of alien plants. They may also be affected by natural disturbances
such as wildfires, windstorms and disease. The deterioration of watershed functions has significant negative impacts, potentially leading to
erosion and the depletion of soil productivity; the sedimentation of watercourses, reservoirs and coasts; increased runoff and flash flooding;

Answer 2

Biodiversity Management

Explanation:

• Dammed rivers make a reservoir upstream from the dam, which spills out into the floods environments and habitats spaces and general conditions that once existed there. Such flooding can murder or displace a wide range of  including plants, and people,living beings  and untamed life
• Reservoirs flood anticipation, economical and no-discharges hydroelectric force, a water supply for drinking and water system and new recreational open doors for boaters, fishers, and swimmers
• In any case, supplies and the structures that make them likewise cause harm to biological systems and human livelihoods