Chemistry, asked by lokeshmohan972, 1 year ago

Isomerism exhibited by idols

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Answered by AnkitSharma2007
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What is Isomerism?

It is a phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same chemical formula but possesses different structural formulas, that is, different properties. This is mainly because of different structural or spatial arrangements. Isomers are the compounds exhibiting isomerism.

Types of Isomerism

Basically, there are two types. They are:

Structural Isomerism

Stereoisomerism

However, these are again of many subtypes as shown in the figure:



Structural Isomerism

Isomers are structural isomers when they have the same molecular formula but different structures, as in how they are linked to each other. Structural isomerism is further of the following types. Let’s learn about these types one-by-one.

Learn the different Characteristics of Organic Compounds here.

1) Chain Isomerism

Isomers are chain isomers when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the branching of carbon atoms. For example, we can represent C5H12 as three compounds: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3– pentane



2) Position Isomerism

Isomers are position isomers when the two or more compounds differ in the position of the functional group or substituent atoms. For example, we can represent C3H7OH in two arrangements:

CH3CH2CH2OH                    -Propan-1-ol



3) Functional Isomerism

Isomers are functional isomers when the two or more compounds have an identical molecular formula but differ in the functional group present. These isomers are the functional isomers. For example, we can represent C3H6O as a ketone and as an aldehyde.



4) Metamerism

This is exhibited by compounds due to the presence of different alkyl chains on either side of the functional group. For example, we can represent C4H10O as ethoxyethane (C2H5OC2H5) and methoxypropane (CH3OC3H7).

Stereo Isomerism

Stereoisomerism is a phenomenon in which compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the relative positioning or orientation of atoms in space. Stereoisomers are the compounds exhibiting stereoisomerism. We can further classify stereoisomerism into:

Geometric Isomerism: it is shown by molecules in which their spatial positions are locked to each other due to the presence of a ring structure or a double bond.

Optical Isomerism: Two or more compounds which have the same molecular arrangement but differ in the optical activity are optical isomers.

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