Question

Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation

Answer 1

Three issues that are especially important for environmental legislation are:

1. The precautionary principle:

This principle has evolved to deal with risks and uncertainties faced by environmental management. The principle implies that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure it does not prevent problems but may reduce their occurrence and helps ensure contingency plans are made.

2. The polluter-pays principle:

In addition to, the obvious the polluter pays for the damaged caused by a development this principle also implies that a polluter pays for monitoring and policing. A problem with this approach is that fines may bankrupt small businesses, yet be low enough for a large company to write them off as an occasional overhead, which does little for pollution control.

There is, thus, debate as to whether the principle should be retrospective. Developing nations are seeking to have developed countries pay more for carbon dioxide and other emissions controls, arguing that they polluted the global environment during the Industrial Revolution, yet enjoy the fruits of invention from the era.

3. Freedom of information:

Environmental planning and management is hindered if the public, NGOs or even official bodies are unable to get information. Many countries have now begun to release more information, the USA has a Freedom of Information Act, and the European Union is moving in this direction.

But still many governors and multinational corporations fear that industrial secrets will leak to competitors if there is too much disclosure, and there are situations where authorities declare strategic needs and suspend disclosure.

Answer 2

• Environmental policy issues include water and air pollution, chemical and oil painting oil tumbles, reek, drinking water quality, land conservation and operation, and wildlife protection, including the protection of risked species.
• 1. The precautionary principle,
• 2. The polluter- pays principle,
• 3. Freedom of information!

• The environmental issue in India looks tenebrous despite so multitudinous Legislations and Acts.
• The gutters and lakes continue to be choked with artificial waste and sewage. The air in multitudinous cosmopolises of India is heavily defiled.
• Deforestation takes place fairly generally.

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