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(d) State any two issues that can lead to media bias.
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Answer:
Media bias is the bias or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of many events and stories that are reported and how they are covered. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed.[1]
Practical limitations to media neutrality include the inability of journalists to report all available stories and facts, and the requirement that selected facts be linked into a coherent narrative.[2] Government influence, including overt and covert censorship, biases the media in some countries, for example China, North Korea and Myanmar.[3] Market forces that result in a biased presentation include the ownership of the news source, concentration of media ownership, the subjective selection of staff, or the preferences of an intended audience.
There are a number of national and international watchdog groups that report on bias of the media.
The most commonly discussed types of bias occur when the (allegedly partisan) media support or attack a particular political party,[4] candidate,[5] or ideology.
D'Alessio and Allen list three forms of media bias as the most widely studied:[6]
Coverage bias (also known as visibility bias),[4] when actors or issues are more or less visible in the news.
Gatekeeping bias (also known as selectivity[7] or selection bias),[8] when stories are selected or deselected, sometimes on ideological grounds (see spike). It is sometimes also referred to as agenda bias, when the focus is on political actors and whether they are covered based on their preferred policy issues.
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