IV. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. What is algal bloom and what are its after effects?
2. What type of fungus is a mushroom? Describe its structure.
3. List the four types of bacteria, and describe their differences.
4. How and why are bacteria useful for us?
5. Why does milk curdle? Explain how one can set curd at home.
6. Why are sugar and salt useful for food preservation?
7. Name four common vaccines that are generally used to prevent common diseas
8. What is eutrophication ?
Answers
Answer:
1.Excess nitrogen and phosphorus cause an overgrowth of algae in a short period of time, also called algae blooms. The overgrowth of algae consumes oxygen and blocks sunlight from underwater plants. When the algae eventually dies, the oxygen in the water is consumed.
2.Mushrooms are the spore-producing structures of some fungi. A mushroom consists of a stalk and a cap, and in most species the spores are formed on gills.
3.There are four common forms of bacteria-coccus,bacillus,spirillum and vibrio.
Coccus form:- These are spherical bacteria. ...
Bacillus form:- These are rod-shaped bacteria. ...
Spirilla form:- These are spiral-shaped bacteria that occur singly.
Vibrio form:- These are comma-shaped bacteria
4.Some bacteria are good for you, including the bacteria in your digestive system, or gut. These bacteria help to break down food and keep you healthy. Other good bacteria can produce oxygen are used to create antibiotics. Bacteria are used in food production to make yogurt and fermented foods.
5.Milk is slightly acidic. When the pH is lowered even more by the addition of another acidic ingredient, the protein molecules stop repelling each other. This allows them to stick together or coagulate into clumps known as curds.
6.Salt's Role in the Prevention of Microbial Growth
Salt is effective as a preservative because it reduces the water activity of foods. The water activity of a food is the amount of unbound water available for microbial growth and chemical reactions.
7.Vaccine Disease
BCG Tuberculosis
Hep B Hepatitis B
Polio Poliovirus
8.the process of too many plants growing on the surface of a river, lake, etc., often because chemicals that are used to help crops grow have been carried there by rain
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