Question

iv. give reason
Polar compounds ionize in water.​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

Compounds which have polar bonds are termed polar compounds. But how thus a bond gets polarized? In covalent bond, it is expected that the electron pair is shared equally between the atoms, but sometimes due to difference in elctronegativity the electron cloud is pulled towards the more electronegative atom in the compound. Which results in more electronegative atom gaining negative charge(this charge is partial not complete charge distribution as in case of ionic bonds) and the bonded atom gaining positive charge and thus polarity is induced in the covalent bond.

On the same lines as hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen, it gains partial negative charge and hydrogen gains partial positive charge, thus water molecules are also polar. Now when a polar compound is immersed in water the dipoles of the compound interact with water molecules through dipole dipole interaction. The oxygen atoms will surround the positive pole of the compound and the hydrogen atom the negative pole.

When the dipole-dipole interaction between the water molecule and the compound is more than the bond energy the bond breaks and thus we say compound dissolved. This process of water molecule surrrounding the compound and forming a conjugate ion is called hydration. Energy is released in this process and this energy is called hydration energy. If the hydration energy is more than the bond energy(the energy required to break the bond) of compound than the bond breaks and we say that the compound has dissolved. In general this process is called solvation but as the solvent is water it is termed as hydration.