Question

justify that function group in aromatic benzene is artho or paradirecting
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Answer 1

Answer:

If the relative yield of the ortho product and that of the para product are higher than that of the meta product, the substituent on the benzene ring in the monosubstituted benzene is called an ortho, para directing group. ... The halide ions, which are electron-withdrawing but ortho, para directing, are the exception.