Question

kidney
28 Maximum potassium absorption occurs in:
A. PCT
B. DCT
C. Loop of henle
D. Collecting ducts

29 High pressure in glomerular capillaries is due to:
A. Afferent is long
B. Afferent is short
C. Efferent is low resistance
D. Efferent is down stream

30 Macula densa is related to:
A. Renin
B. Osmolar load deliver to DCT
C. Endothelein
D. Epithelial

30Aldosterone mainly act on which part of nephrone
A. DCT
B. PCT
C. Loop of henle
D. Afferent arteriol
31 In metabolic acidosis , which of the following changes are seen:
A. Increased K+ excretion
B. Decreased K+ excretion
C. Increased Na+ excretion
D. Increased Na+ reabsorption

32 The major function of angiotensin II is:
A. Stimulate ADH
B. Stimulate aldosterone
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Vasodilation

33 Plasma colloid pressure is maintained by:
A. Albumin
B. Beta globulin
C. Gama globulin
D. Alpha globulin

34 The substance that contributes maximally to the osmolality inside the cell is:
A. Protien
B. Phosphate
C. Urea
D. Potassium

35 High filtration rate of glomerular capillary membrane is due to:
A. Collagen meshwork
B. Basement membrane
C. Fenestrae in endothelium
D. Fenestrae, mesangial cells and podocytes

36 Maculardensa cells are present in:
A. Proximal tubule and distal tubule to sense sodium
B. Loop of henle to sense calcium
C. Distal tubule to sense sodium
D. Collecting tubule to sense water molecules

37 Maculadensa cells respond to:
A. Increase plasma volume
B. Increase sodium chloride concentration
C. Decrease in sodium chloride concentration to secrete renin
D. Decrease calcium in blood





Q.38 Most of the resistance to renal blood flow is offered by:
A. Renal vein
B. Afferents
C. Efferent arterioles
D. Afferent and efferent

Q39. Obligatory water loss is to excrete metabolic wastes is:
A. 100ml/day
B. 400-600ml/day
C. 200ml/day
D. 10ml in 24 hours

Q.40Filtrate in proximal tubule is:
A. Hyposmotic
B. Isosmotic 300mOsm/l
C. Isosmotic 100mOsm/l
D. Hyperosmotic

Q41. Para cellular route in proximal tubules is:
A. Passive diffusion
B. Leakage through gap junctions
C. Simple diffusion
D. Active transport

Q42. Tubular secretion means:
A. Oncotic pressure of plasma proteins
B. Removes additional wastes from blood adds them to the filtrate
C. Removes solutes from filtrate
D. Creates isosmotic fluid

Q43. Peritubular capillaries favours reabsorption due to presence of:
A. Colloid osmotic pressure and blood hydrostatic pressure
B. Calcium ions
C. Sodium ions
D. Aquerporins
Q44. In diabetes mellitus glucose appears in urine, due to:
A. Excess sodium ions
B. Medullary concentration
C. Tubular load exceeds tubular maximum
D. Infections

Q.45Concentration of urea excretion is dependent on 2 factors:
A. (GFR) glomerular filtration rate + oncotic pressure
B. Hydrostatic pressure + bowman pressure
C. Concentrate of urea in plasma + GFR
D. Sodium excrete + GFR

Q.46 High medullary osmolarity is due active transport of:
A. Sodium, chloride from proximal tubules
B. Sodium from descending limb
C. Sodium, chloride from collecting ducts
D. Sodium, chloride from thick ascending loop of Henle into interstitium

Q.47Loop of Henle contribute to process of concentration and dilution of urine by:
A. Producing hyposmotic tubular fluid
B. Stimulatory chemoreceptors
C. Urea recycling
D. Generating high osmotic gradient in medullary interstitium

Q.48When the tubular fluid leaves loop of Henle and enters distal convulated tubule, osmolality is:
A. 0.5mOsm/l
B. 20mOsm/l
C. 100mOsm/l
D. 300mOsm/l

Q.49The reason ADH reabsorb water in cortical distal tubule is to maintain:
A. Circulation of blood in vasa recta
B. Circulation of blood in peritubular vessels
C. And preserves high modularly interstitium osmolarity
D. Absorption of sodium

Q50 Vasopressin secretion is increased in:
A. Diuresis
B. Sickle cell disease
C. Decreased ECF volume
D. Increased ECF volume

Q.51Principal factors causing accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces:
A. Decreased permeability of capillaries
B. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
C. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased colloid osmotic pressure
D. Increased plasma proteins

Q.52One of the body’s powerful controller of sodium excretion is:
A. Antidiuretics hormone
B. Aldosterone
C. Angiotensinogen
D. Angiotensin II
Q53. Pressure natriuresis means:
A. Loss of fluid volume
B. Excretion of potassium
C. Excretion of sodium
D. Effect of blood pressure on sodium and water excretion

Q.54Juxta glomerular cells are epitheloid cells present in:
A. Loop of henle
B. Media of afferent arteriole
C. Efferent arteriole
D. Distal convoluted tubule

55. Angiotensin II formation increases in conditions associated with:
A. High blood pressure
B. High extra cellular fluids (ECF)
C. Low blood pressure/or low ECF
D. Dilatation of efferent arteriole

Answer 1

28) a PTC
29) a
30) b