Landslide Comparsion for jammu and Kashmir and Tamilnadu
Answers
Explanation:
Landslides commonly occurs in hilly areas and causes an enormous loss iof life and property every year. National highway-1D (NH-1D) is the only road link between the two districts (Kargil and Leh) of Ladakh region that connects these districts with Kashmir valley. The landslide failure record of the recent past along this sector of the highway is not available. The present study documents landslide susceptible zones and records occurrence of 60 landslides during the last 4 years showing an increasing trend in the occurrence of landslides over these years in this sector. The landslide susceptibility zonation map has been prepared based on the numerical rating of ten major factors viz. slope morphometry, lithology, structure, relative relief, land cover, landuse, rainfall, hydrological conditions, landslide incidences and Slope Erosion, categorised the area in different zones of instability based on the intensity of susceptibility. The landslide susceptibility map of the area encompassing 73.03 km2 is divided into 150 facets. Out of the total of 150 facets, 85 facets fall in low susceptibility zone covering 43.56 km2 which constitute about 59.65% of the total area under investigation with a record of 5 landslides; 40 facets fall in the moderate susceptibility zone covering 16.94km2 which constitutes about 23.19% of the study area with a record of 20 landslides; and 25 facets fall in the high susceptibility zone covering 12.53 km2 which constitute about 17.15% of the study area with a record of 35 landslides. Most of the facets which fall in HSZ are attributed to slope modification for road widening.
The 270 km long National Highway (NH-44) is the only way that connects the Kashmir valley to the rest of India. Stretches of the expressway go through extremely dubious terrains and mountains. Consequently, blockage of NH-44 has turned into a repetitive wonder for past numerous years which affects the state economy and trade. The NH-44 national highway is highly prone to landslides because of high terrains and steep slopes along the roadside. There are several parameters that impact landslides on NH-44 National highway. Those parameters were evaluated by testing the soil samples at three different sites on NH-44 National Highway. One sample was taken from the site where landslide has already occurred and has active landslide, second from the landslide-prone site where there are high chances of landslide and third one from the minimal or less prone site. The impact of parameters: direct share (c, phi), Atterberg Limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index), natural density, specific gravity and moisture content on landslides were analyzed and warning levels are made based on different soil moisture levels for early warning system