Question

Laplain the noblearidic code? Mention their merits
and demerits​

Answer 1

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A) Merits:

1. Equity:

A direct tax is an equitable tax. Through it the rich can be made to pay more than the poor. In case of necessity, the poor people can be granted exemption from payment of such taxes.

A direct tax is equitable in the sense that it is levied according to the taxable capacity of the people. The rates of direct taxes, like the income

tax, can be fixed in such a way that the higher the income of a man, the greater is the rate at which he has to pay the tax. Such a system is known as progressive taxation.

2. Certainty

:A direct tax satisfies the canon of certainty. For instance, a person liable to pay income tax knows how much he will be required to pay; for that purpose he can appropriate steps beforehand.

3. Elasticity:

A direct tax has elasticity. It can be varied according to the needs of the government and changes in the income of the people. When the income of the people goes up, the rate of income tax can also be increased. If the income of the people falls, the rate of income tax can also be lowered.

4. Productivity:

Direct taxes constitute an important source of government revenue. Their collection charges are also low. There­fore, direct taxes are productive.

5. People’s Consciousness:

A direct tax increases the civic sense of the people. When the people are fully aware of the payment of taxes, they are also conscious of the way the government spends the money. They resent unproductive or wasteful expenditure. As a result, the government becomes careful in its expenditure.

(B) Demerits:

But direct taxes have certain demerits or defects, too.

1. Lack of Popularity:

First, such taxes are not very popular, because the people have to bear the burden of such taxes directly. That is why, when the rate of a direct tax is raised, most people express their resentment against the government. For instance, when the rate of personal income tax or corporate profit tax is raised, criticism from those affected be­comes very strong.

2. Evasion:

The second disadvantages of a direct tax is that it is liable to be evaded. By submitting false returns, many people try to evade income tax. Unless the civic sense of the people is well — developed and there is spread of education among them, the admi­nistration of direct taxes is very difficult.

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Answer 2

Merits and demerits of direct tax: Direct taxes are levied on a person's or a firm's income or wealth and indirect taxes on spending on goods and services. Direct taxes cannot be legally evaded but in direct taxes can be avoided because people can reduce their purchases of the taxed goods and services.