Large conclusion on cell the structural and functional unit of life
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Cell structure and function
Cell theory
The cell theory developed in 1839 by microbiologists Schleiden and Schwann describes the properties of cells. It is an explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. The theory states that:
- all living things are made of cells and their products.
- new cells are created by old cells dividing into two.
- cells are the basic building blocks of life.
- The cell theory applies to all living things, however big or small. The modern understanding of cell theory extends the concepts of the original cell theory to include the following:
- The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells.
- Energy flow occurs in cells through the breakdown of carbohydrates by respiration.
Cells contain the information necessary for the creation of new cells. This information is known as 'hereditary information' and is contained within DNA.
The contents of cells from similar species are basically the same.
DNA (the hereditary information of cells) is passed from 'parent' cells to 'daughter' cells during cell division. You will learn more about this in the following chapter: Cell division.
Cells are the smallest form of life; the functional and structural units of all living things. Your body contains several billion cells, organised into over 200 major types, with hundreds of cell-specific functions.
Some functions performed by cells are so vital to the existence of life that all cells perform them (e.g. cellular respiration). Others are highly specialized (e.g. photosynthesis).
A two-dimensional drawing of an animal cell. The diagram shows the structures visible within a cell at high magnification. The structures form the ultra structure of the cell.
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