Question

Laws of thermodynamics and their restriction

Answer 1

sFirst law of thermodynamics: When energy passes, as work, as heat, or with matter, into or out from a system, the system's internal energy changes in accord with the law of conservation of energy. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind (machines that produce work with no energy input) are impossible.
Second law of thermodynamics: In a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems increases. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind (machines that spontaneously convert thermal energy into mechanical work) are impossible.
Third law of thermodynamics: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.[2] With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses) the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero, and is equal to the natural logarithm of the product of the quantum ground states.

Answer 2

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⭐The Laws of Thermodynamics ⭐

=> The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that "Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately, are in thermal equilibrium with each other..."

=> The First Law of Thermodynamics states that "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another, and can only be transferred from one system to another..."

=> The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of the universe always increases in every spontaneous natural process..."

According to Kelvin-Planck's statement, "It is impossible to devise a cyclically operating device, whose sole effect is the absorption of energy in the form of heat from a single from reservoir, and the performance of an equivalent amount of work..."

According to Claussius' statement, "In no process can the heat transfer from a colder to a warmer object take place without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time..."

=> The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero, as its temperature approaches the absolute zero..."

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