Question

Lead carbonate is an insoluble salt. Describe how a pure dry sample of solid lead carbonate can be obtained from sodium carbonate solution and lead nitrate solution

Answer 1

Answer:

Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with soluble or insoluble reactants. Titration must be used if the reactants are soluble. Insoluble salts are made by precipitation reactions.

Making insoluble salts

An insoluble salt can be prepared by reacting two suitable solutions together to form a precipitate.

Determining suitable solutions

All nitrates and all sodium salts are soluble. This means a given precipitate XY can be produced by mixing together solutions of:

X nitrate

sodium Y

For example, to prepare a precipitate of calcium carbonate:

X = calcium and Y = carbonate

mix calcium nitrate solution and sodium carbonate solution together

calcium nitrate + sodium carbonate → sodium nitrate + calcium carbonate

Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + CaCO3(s)

It also works if potassium carbonate solution or ammonium carbonate solution is used instead of sodium carbonate solution. Remember that all common potassium and ammonium salts are soluble.

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Answer 2

Solid lead carbonate may be isolated from a mix of lead bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.

• Even if the combination appears almost identical, it is feasible to distinguish between them.
• Both are white and come in powder form. But they possess distinct chemical characteristics.
• The differential in absorption in water distinguishes sodium carbonate from lead carbonate.
• Only sodium carbonate dissolves when a combination of lead carbonate and sodium carbonate is dissolved in water. Lead carbonate will be left behind as a precipitate.
• Lead carbonate is made by precipitating lead nitrate using sodium carbonate (double decomposition).
• To avoid the creation of basic lead carbonate, lead carbonate is produced by passing carbon dioxide through a cold dilute solution of lead(II) acetate or by shaking a suspension of a lead salt more soluble than the carbonate with ammonium carbonate at a low temperature.

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